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Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma

Mesures, par radioimmunologie, du glucagon pancréatique et du glucagon intestinal contenus dans le plasma

Radioimmunologischs Bestimmung des Pancreas- und Darm-Glucagons im Plasma

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Summary

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for glucagon. The antibodies raised in rabbits were sensitive to 0.01 ng of glueagon in a volume of 100 μl. The free and the antibody-bound125I-glucagon were separated by addition of ethanol or by paper chromatography on Whatman 3 MM. Two types of antisera were used: one that did not react, with gut GLI (glucagon-like immunoreactivity), and another one that reacted with both the pancreatic glucagon and the gut GLI, giving identical dilution curves for the two substances. Exogenous pan-creatic glueagon and gut GLI experienced a high degree of degradation during the preparation of plasma unless trasylol was added. A degradation of endogenous pancreatic and gut GLI could also be shown in the absence of trasylol. The damage to125I-glueagon occurring during incubation in plasma was eliminated by using an easy plasma extraction method yielding an approximately 80% recovery of pancreatic glueagon and gut GLI. Normal human fasting plasma extracts contained 0.26 ± 0.024 ng equiv, of pancreatic GLI and 0.38±0.048 ng equiv. of gut GLI (mean of 21 samples ± s.e.m.). During OGTT the pancreatic GLI decreased while the gut GLI increased. The specificity and validity of glueagon determinations are discussed.

Résumé

Un dosage radioimmtmologique a été élaboré pour le glueagon. Les anticorps, provoqués chez des lapins, étaient sensibles à 0.01 ng de glucagon dans 100 μl de solution. Le125I-glucagon, lié à l'antieorps, a été séparé du125I-glucagon libre par addition d'alcool ou par chromatographic sur papier Whatman 3 MNL Deux sortes de sérum antiglueagon ont été utilisés: l'un ne réagit pas avec l'agent intestinal immunoglucagonosemblable (ou GLI intestinal), l'autre lie aussi bien le glueagon pancréatique que le GLI intestinal, en donnant des courbes de dilutions identiques. Le glucagon pancréatique exogène et le GLI intestinal exog~ne subissaient une dégradation très poussée pendant la préparation du plasma, sans addition de trasylol. On a pu montrer de même une dénaturation du glucagon pancréatique et du GLI intestinal endogène, en l'absence de trasylol. Aria de prévenir route transformation du radio-glucagon pendant l'incubation dans le plasma, on a utilisé une méthode simple d'extraction du plasma permettant de récupérer à peu près 80% du glneagon pancréatique et du GLI intestinal. Des extraits plasmatiques, provenant de sujets normaux et à jeun, contenaient 0.26±0.024 ng équivalents de GLI pancréatique et 0.38±0.048 ng équivalents de GLI intestinal (moyenne de 21 échantillons ± écart-type de la moyenne). Pendant le test de tolérance au glucose oral (OGTT) on a observé une diminution du GLI pancréatique et une augmentation simultanée du GLI intestinal. La spécificité et la validité des mesures du glueagon sont discutées.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurde eine radioirnmunologische Bestimmungsmethode für Glucagon entwickelt. Die bei Kaninchen erzeugten Antikörper sprachen bereits auf 0.01 ng Glueagon in einem Volumen von 100 μl an. Freies und antikörpergebundenes Glucagon warden durch Zusatz von Äthanol oder dureh Chromatographie auf What man 3 MM Papier getrennt. Zwei Antisera Typen wurden verwandt: Das sine reagierte nieht mit Darm GLI (Glucagon ähnliche Immunreaktivität), während das andere mit Panereas-Glueagon und mit Darm-GLI reagierte, wobei die Verdünnungskurven für beide Substanzen übereinstimmten. Exogenes Pancreas-Glueagon und Darm-GLI wurden bei der Präparation des Plasma stark abgebaut, werm kein Trasylol zugesetzt worden war. In Abwesenheit von Trasylol war auch sin Abbau yon endogenera Pancreas-Glueagon und Darm-GLI nachzuweisen. Die während der Inkubation in Plasma auftretende Denaturierung von125I-Glucagon ließ sich durch die Anwendung einer einfachen Plasma-Extraktionsmethode verhindern, die eine Wiederfindung yon 80% des Pancreas-Glueagons und der Darm-GLI erlaubte. Plasma-extrakte von Normalpersonen im Nüchternzustand enthielten 0.26±0.024 ng Äquival. Pancreas-Glucagon und 0.38±0.048 ng Äquival. Darm-GLI (Mittelwert von 21 Plasmaproben ± SEM). Während eines oralen GTT nahm die Pancreas-GLI ab, während die Darm-GLI anstieg. Die Spezifität und Aussagekraft der Glucagonmessungen werden diskutiert.

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Heding, L.G. Radioimmunological determination of pancreatic and gut glucagon in plasma. Diabetologia 7, 10–19 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02346248

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