References
Guidelines for the selection and management of consensus development conferences. Office of medical applications of research. National Institutes of Health, September 1988
Carlet J, Artigas A, Bihari D, Durocher A, Hemmer M, Langer M, Nicolas F, de Rohan Chabot P, Schuster HP, Tenaillon A (1992) The first European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine: introductory remarks. Intensive Care Med 18:180–181
3rd European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care, 7–8 December 1995, Paris. Tissue hypoxia: how to detect, how to correct, how to prevent? Réanimation Urgences (1996) 5:161–320
Robin ED (1980) Of men and mitochondria: coping with dysoxia. Am Rev Respir Dis 122:517–531
Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE (1992) Reevaluation of the role of cellular hypoxia and bioenergetic failure in sepsis. JAMA 267:1503–1510
Bakker J, Coffemils M, Leon M, Gris P, Vincent IL (1991) Blood lactate levels are superior to oxygen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shock. Chest 99:956–962
Phang PT, Cunningham KF, Ronco JJ et al (1994) Mathematical coupling explains dependence of oxygen consumption on oxygen delivery in ARDS. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 150:318–323
Ronco JJ, Fenwick JC, Tweedale MG et al (1993) Identification of the critical oxygen delivery for aerobic metabolism in critically ill septic and non-septic humans. JAMA 270:1724–1730
Gutierrez GN, Palizas F, Doglio G et al (1992) Gastric intramucosal pH as a therapeutic index of tissue oxygenation in critically ill patients. Lancet 339:195–199
Gutierrez G, Brown SD (1995) Gastric tonometry: a new monitoring modality in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med 10:34–44
Hochachka PW (1986) Defense strategies against hypoxia and hypothermia. Science 231:234–242
Hightower LE (1991) Heat shock, stress proteins, chaperones, and proteotoxicity. Cell 66:191–197
Vallet B, Lund N, Curtis SE et al (1994) Gut and muscle tissue PO2 in endotoxemio dogs during shock and resuscitation. J Appl Physiol 76:793–800
Lelli JL, Drongowski RA, Coran AG et al (1992) Hypoxia-induced bacterial translocation in the puppy. J Pediatr Surg 8:974–982
Vary TC, Siegel JH, Nakatani T et al (1986) Effect of sepsis on activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in skeletal muscle and liver. Am J Physiol 250: 634–640
Curtis SE, Cain SM (1992) Regional and systemic oxygen delivery/uptake relations and lactate flux in hyperdynamic, endotoxin-treated dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:348–534
Stacpoole PW, Wright EC, Baumgartner TG et al (1992) A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. N Engl J Med 327:1564–1569
Deitch EA (1992) Multiple organ failure: pathophysiology and potential future therapy. Ann Surg 216:117–134
Ruokonen E, Takala J, Kari A, Saxen H, Mertsola J, Hansen EJ (1993) Regional blood flow and oxygen transport in septic shock. Crit Care Med 21:1296–1303
Mancini DM, Bolinger L, Li K, Kendrick K, Chance B, Wilson JR (1994) Validation of near-infrared spectroscopy in humans. J Appl Physiol 77:2740–2747
Clark BJ, Smith D, Chance B (1987) Metabolic consequences of oxygen transport studied with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In: Bryan-Brown C, Ayres SM (eds) Oxygen transport and utilization. Society of Critical Care Medicine, Fullerton, pp 145–170
Hotchkiss RS, Rust RS, Dence CS et al (1991) Evaluation of the role of cellular hypoxia in sepsis by the hypoxic marker (18F) fluoromisonidazole. Am J Physiol 261:R965-R972
Marik PE, Sibbald WJ (1993) Effect of stored blood transfusion on oxygen delivery in patients with sepsis. JAMA 269:3024–3029
Manthous CA, Hall JB, Olson D et al (1995) Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill patients. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 151:10–14
Schoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, Waxman K, Lee TS (1988) Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 94:1176–1186
Boyd O, Grouds M, Bennett ED (1993) A randomized clinical trial of the effect of deliberate perioperative increase of oxygen delivery on mortality in highrisk surgical patients. JAMA 270:2699–2707
Berlauk JF, Abrams JH, Gilmour IJ et al (1991) Preoperative optimization of cardiovascular hemodynamics improves outcome in peripheral vascular surgery. Ann Surg 214:289–299
Fleming A, Bishop M, Schoemaker WC et al (1992) Prospective trial of supranormal values as goals of resuscitation in severe trauma. Arch Surg 127:1175–1181
Bishop MH, Shoemaker WC, Appel PL et al (1995) Prospective, randomized trial of survivor values of cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption as resuscitation endpoints in severe trauma. J Trauma 38:780–787
Tuchschmidt J, Fried J, Astiz M, Rackow E (1992) Elevation of cardiac output and oxygen delivery improves outcome in septic shock. Chest 102:216–220
Yu M, Levy MM, Smith P et al (1993) Effect of maximizing oxygen delivery on morbidity and mortality rates in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized, controlled study. Crit Care Med 21:830–838
Hayes MA, Timmins AC, Yan EHS et al (1994) Elevation of systemic oxygen delivery in the treatment of critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 330:1717–1722
Gattinoni L, Brazzi L, Pelosi P et al (1995) A trial of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 333:1025–1032
Russell JA, Phang PT (1994) The oxygen delivery/consumption controversy. Approaches to management of the critically ill. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 149:533–537
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Richard, C. Tissue hypoxia. Intensive Care Med 22, 1250–1257 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01709344
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01709344