Abstract
The paper is the expanded text of a report to the International Mathematical Congress in Berkeley (1986). In it a new algebraic formalism connected with the quantum method of the inverse problem is developed.
Examples are constructed of noncommutative Hopf algebras and their connection with solutions of the Yang-Baxter quantum identity are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
J. W. Milnor and J. C. Moore, “On the structure of Hopf algebras,” Ann. Math.,81, No. 2, 211–264 (1965).
M. E. Sweedler, Hopf Algebras, Mathematical Lecture Notes Series, Benjamin, N.Y. (1969).
E. Abe, Hopf Algebras, Cambridge Tracts in Math., No. 74, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge-New York (1980).
G. M. Bergman, “Everybody knows what a Hopf algebra is,” Contemporary Mathematics,43, 25–48 (1985).
M. E. Sweedler, “Integrals for Hopf algebras,” Ann. Math.,89, No. 2, 323–335 (1969).
R. G. Larson, “Characters of Hopf algebras,” J. Algebra,17, No. 3, 352–368 (1971).
W. C. Waterhouse, “Antipodes and group-likes in finite Hopf algebras,” J. Algebra,37, No. 2, 290–295 (1975).
D. E. Radford, “The order of the antipode of a finite dimensional Hopf algebra is finite,” Am. J. Math.,98, No. 2, 333–355 (1976).
H. Shigano, “A correspondence between observable Hopf ideals and left coideal subalgebras,” Tsukuba J. Math.,1, 149–156 (1977).
E. J. Taft and R. L. Wilson, “There exist finite-dimensional Hopf algebras with antipodes of arbitrary even order,” J. Algebra,162, No. 2, 283–291 (1980).
H. Shigano, “On observable and strongly observable Hopf ideals,” Tsukuba J. Math.,6, No. 1, 127–150 (1982).
B. Pareigis, “A noncommutative noncocommutative Hopf algebra in ‘nature’,” J. Algebra,70, No. 2, 356–374 (1981).
G. I. Kats, “Generalization of the group duality principle,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,138, No. 2, 275–278 (1961).
G. I. Kats, “Compact and discrete ring groups,” Ukr. Mat. Zh.,14, No. 3, 260–270 (1962).
G. I. Kats, “Ring groups and duality principles,” Tr. Moskov. Mat. Obshch.,12, 259–303 (1963);13, 84–113 (1965).
G. I. Kats and V. G. Palyutkin, “Example of a ring group generated by Lie groups,” Ukr. Mat. Zh.,16, No. 1, 99–105 (1964).
G. I. Kats and V. G. Palyutkin, “Finite ring groups,” Tr. Moskov. Mat. Obshch.,15, 224–261 (1966).
G. I. Kats, “Extensions of groups which are ring groups,” Mat. Sb.,76, No. 3, 473–496 (1968).
G. I. Kats, “Some arithmetic properties of ring groups,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,6, No. 2, 88–90 (1972).
L. I. Vainerman and G. I. Kats, “Nonunimodular ring groups and Hopf-von Neumann algebras,” Mat. Sb.,94, No. 2, 194–225 (1974).
M. Enock and J.-M. Schwartz, “Une dualite dans les algebres de von Neumann,” Bull. Soc. Mat. France, Mem. No. 44 (1975).
J.-M. Schwartz, “Relations entre ‘ring groups’ et algebres de Kac,” Bull. Sci. Math. (2),100, No. 4, 289–300 (1976).
M. Enock, “Produit croise d'une algebre de von Neumann par une algebre de Kac,” J. Funct. Analysis,26, No. 1, 16–47 (1977).
M. Enock and J.-M. Schwartz, “Produit croise d'une algebre de von Neumann par une algebre de Kac, II,” Publ. RIMS Kyoto Univ.,16, No. 1, 198–232 (1980).
J. de Canniere, M. Enock, and J.-M. Schwartz, “Algebres de Fourier associees a une algebre de Kac,” Math. Ann.,245, No. 1, 1–22 (1979).
J. de Canniere, M. Enock, and J.-M. Schwartz, “Sur deux resultats d'analyse harmonique non-commutative: Une application de la theorie des algebres de Kac,” J. Operator Theory,5, No. 2, 171–194 (1981).
V. G. Drinfel'd, “Hamiltonian structures on Lie groups, Lie bialgebras, and the geometric meaning of the classical Yang-Baxter equations,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,268, No. 2, 285–287 (1982).
V. G. Drinfel'd, “Hopf algebras and the quantum Yang-Baxter equation,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,283, No. 5, 1060–1064 (1985).
I. M. Gel'fand and I. V. Cherednik, “Abstract Hamiltonian formalism for classical Yang-Baxter bundles,” Usp. Mat. Nauk,38, No. 3, 3–21 (1983).
I. V. Cherednik, “Bäcklund-Darboux transformations for classical Yang-Baxter bundles,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,17, No. 2, 88–89 (1983).
I. V. Cherednik, “Definition of τ-functions for generalized affine Lie algebras,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,17, No. 3, 93–95 (1983).
I. M. Gel'fand and I. Ya. Dorfman, “Hamiltonian operators and the classical Yang-Baxter equations,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,16, No. 4, 1–9 (1982).
A. Weinstein, “The local structure of Poisson manifolds,” J. Diff. Geometry,18, No. 3, 523–557 (1983).
J. A. Schouten, “Über differentialkomitanten zweier kontravarianter Grössen,” Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Proc. Ser. A,43, 449–452 (1940).
L. D. Faddeev and L. A. Takhtajan, Hamiltonian Approach to Soliton Theory, Springer-Verlag (to appear).
L. D. Faddeev, Integrable Models in (1+1)-Dimensional Quantum Field Theory (Lectures in Les Houches, 1982), Elsevier (1984).
E. K. Sklyanin, “Quantum version of the method of the inverse scattering problem,” in: Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Mechanics. III, J. Sov. Math.,19, No. 5 (1982).
L. D. Faddeev and N. Yu. Reshetkhin, “Hamiltonian structures for integrable models of field theory,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,56, No. 3, 323–343 (1983).
M. A. Semenov-Tyan-Shanskii, “So what is the classical r-matrix,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,17, No. 4, 17–33 (1983).
A. A. Belavin and V. G. Drinfel'd, “Solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation for simple Lie algebras,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,16, No. 3, 1–29 (1982).
A. A. Belavin and V. G. Drinfeld, “Triangle equations and simple Lie algebras,” Sov. Sci. Rev., Sec. C, 4, 93–165 (1984). Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur (Switzerland), New York.
A. A. Belavin and V. G. Drinfel'd, “Classical Yang-Baxter equation for simple Lie algebras,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,17, No. 3, 69–70 (1983).
M. A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, “Dressing transformations and Poisson group actions,” Publ. RIMS Kyoto University,21, No. 6, 1237–1260 (1985).
E. K. Sklyanin, “On complete integrability of the Landau-Lifshitz equation,” LOMI Preprint E-3-1979, Leningrad (1979).
P. P. Kulish and E. K. Sklyanin, “Solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation,” in: Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Mechanics. III, J. Sov. Math.,19, No. 5 (1982).
A. A. Belavin, “Discrete groups and integrability of quantum systems,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,14, No. 4, 18–26 (1980).
G. Andrews, Theory of Partitions [Russian translation], Nauka, Moscow (1982).
P. P. Kulish and N. Yu. Reshetkhin, “Quantum linear problem for the sine-Gordon equation and higher representations,” in: Questions of Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics. 2, J. Sov. Math.,23, No. 4 (1983).
E. K. Sklyanin, “An algebra generated by quadratic relations,” Usp. Mat. Nauk,40, No. 2, 214 (1985).
M. Jimbo, “Quantum R-matrix for the generalized Toda system,” Preprint RIMS-506, Kyoto University, 1985.
M. Jimbo, “A q-difference analogue of Ug and the Yang-Baxter equation,” Lett. Math. Phys.,10, 63–69 (1985).
M. Jimbo, “A q-analogue of U(gl(N+1)), Hecke algebra and the Yang-Baxter equation,” Preprint RIMS-517, Kyoto University, 1985.
C. N. Yang, “Some exact results for the many-body problem in one dimension with repulsive delta-function interaction,” Phys. Rev. Lett.,19, No. 23, 1312–1314 (1967).
V. G. Drinfel'd, “New realization of Yangians and quantized affine algebras,” Preprint FTINT AN UkrSSR, No. 30–86, Kharkov (1986).
V. G. Kac, Infinite-Dimensional Lie Algebras, Birkhäuser, Boston-Basel-Stuttgart (1983).
P. Deligne and J. S. Milne, “Tannaka Categories,” in: Hodge Cycles and Motives [Russian translation], Mir, Moscow (1985), pp. 94–201.
V. V. Lyubashenko, “Hopf algebras and symmetries,” Kievsk. Politekh. Inst., Kiev (1985), Dep. RZhMat, 1985, No. 8A447.
R. J. Baxter, “Partition function of the eight-vertex lattice model,” Ann. Phys.,70, 193–228 (1972).
V. E. Korepin, “Analysis of bilinear relations of the six-vertex model,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,265, No. 6, 1361–1364 (1982).
V. O. Tarasov, “Structure of quantized L-operators for the L matrix of the XXZ-model,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,61, No. 2, 163–173 (1984).
V. O. Tarasov, “Irreducible monodromy matrices for the R-matrix of the XXZ-model and lattice local quantum HamiItonians,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,63, No. 2, 175–196 (1985).
N. Yu. Reshetikhin, “Integrable models of quantum one-dimensional magnetics with O(n) and Sp(2k)-symmetries,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,63, No. 3, 347–366 (1985).
P. P. Kulish, N. Yu. Reshetikhin, and E. K. Sklyanin, “Yang-Baxter equation and representation theory. I,” Lett. Math. Phys.,5, No. 5, 393–403 (1985).
V. G. Drinfel'd, “Degenerate affine Hecke algebras and Yangians,” Funkts. Anal. Prilozhen.,20, No. 1, 69–70 (1986).
L. A. Takhtadzhyan, “Quantum method of the inverse problem and algebraized matrix Bethe ansatz,” in: Questions of Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Physics, J. Sov. Math.,23, No. 4 (1983).
P. P. Kulish and N. Yu. Reshetikhin, “Generalized Heisenberg ferromagnetics and the Gross-Neveu model,” Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.,80, No. 1, 214–227 (1981).
N. Yu. Reshetikhin, “Method of functional equations in the theory of precisely solvable quantum systems,” Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.,84, No. 3, 1190–1201 (1983).
N. Yu. Reshetikhin, “Exactly solvable quantum mechanical systems on a lattice, connected with classical Lie algebras,” in: Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Mechanics. V. J. Sov. Math.,28, No. 4 (1985).
E. K. Sklyanin and L. D. Faddeev, “Quantum-mechanical approach to completely integrable models of field theory,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,243, No. 6, 1430–1433 (1978).
E. K. Sklyanin, L. A. Takhtadzhyan, and L. D. Faddeev, “Quantum method of the inverse problem. I,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,40, No. 2, 194–220 (1979).
L. A. Takhtadzhyan and L. D. Faddeev, “Quantum method of the inverse problem and Heisenberg's XX-model,” Usp. Mat. Nauk,34, No. 5, 13–63 (1979).
L. D. Faddeev, “Quantum completely integrable models in field theory,” Sov. Sci. Rev., Sec. C,1, 107–155 (1980).
P. P. Kulish and E. K. Sklyanin, “Quantum spectral transform method. Recent developments,” in: Integrable Quantum Field Theories (Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 151), Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (1982), pp. 61–119.
I. V. Cherednik, “A method of constructing factorized S-matrices in elementary functions,” Teor. Mat. Fiz.,43, No. 1, 117–119 (1980).
A. V. Zamolodchikov and V. A. Fateev, “Model factorized S-matrix and integrable Heisenberg chain with spine. I,” Yad. Fiz.,32, No. 2, 581–590 (1980).
A. G. Izergin and V. E. Korepin, “The inverse scattering approach to the quantum Shabat-Mikhailov model,” Commun. Math. Phys.,79, 303–316 (1981).
V. V. Bazhanov, “Trigonometric solutions of triangle equations and classical Lie algebras,” Preprint IFVE 85-18, Serpukhov (1985).
D. I. Gurevich, “Yang-Baxter equation and generalization of formal Lie theory,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR,288, No. 4, 797–801 (1986).
Additional information
Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 155, pp. 18–49, 1986.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drinfel'd, V.G. Quantum groups. J Math Sci 41, 898–915 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247086
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01247086