References
Mackaness, GB: Cellular resistance to infections. J. Exp. Med. 116, 381–406 (1962)
Wagner, W, Vogel, M and Goebel, W: Transport of hemolysin across the outer membrane of E. coli requires two functions. J. Bact. 154, 200–210 (1983)
Hess, J, Wels, W, Vogel, M and Goebel, W: Nucleotide sequence of a plasmid-encoded hemolysin determinant and its comparison with a corresponding chromosomal hemolysin sequence. FEMS Microbiol. Letts. 34, 1–11 (1986)
Felmlee, T, Pellet, S and Welch, RA: Nucleotide sequence of an Escherichia coli chromosomal hemolysin. J. Bact. 163, 94–105 (1985)
Noegel, A, Rdest, U and Goebel, W: Determination of the functions of hemolytic plasmid pHly 152 of Escherichia coli. J. Bact. 145, 233–247 (1981)
Knapp, S, Hacker, J, Jarchau, T and Goebel, W: Large, unstable inserts in the chromosome affect virulence properties of uropathogenic E. coli 06 strain 536. J. Bact. 168, 22–30 (1986)
Müller, G, Hughes, C and Goebel, W: Relationship between plasmid and chromosomal hemolysin determinants of E. coli. J. Bact. 153, 846–851 (1983)
Koronakis, V, Cross, M, Senor, B, Koronakis, E and Hughes, C: The secreted hemolysins of Proteins mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Morganella morganii are genetically related to each other and to the alpha-hemolysin of E. coli. J. Bact. 169, 1509–1515 (1987)
Welch, RA: Identification of two different hemolysin determinants in uropathogenic Proteus isolates. Infect. Immun. 55, 2183–2190 (1987)
Strathdee, CA and Lo, RYC: Extensive homology between the leukotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and the alpha-hemolysin of E. coli. Infect. Immun. 55, 3233–3236 (1987)
Welch RA and Pellett S: Transcriptional organization of the E. coli hemolysin genes. J. Bact. 1622–1630 (1988)
Vogel, M, Hess, J, Then, I, Juarez, A and Goebel, W: Characterization of a sequence (hlyR) which enhances synthesis and secretion of hemolysin in E. coli. Mol. Gen. Genet. 212, 76–84 (1988)
Chakraborty, T, Huhle, B, Bergbauer, H and Goebel, W: Cloning, expression, and mapping of the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin gene determinant in E. coli K-12. J. Bact. 167, 368–374 (1986)
Husslein V, Huhle B, Jarchau T, Lurz R, Goebel W and Chakraborty T: Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the aerC aerA region of Aeromonas sobria encoding aerolysin and its regulatory region. Molec. Microbiol. 2, (in press)
Mengaud, J, Vicente, M-F, Chenevert, J, Peiveira, JM, Geoffrey, C, Gicquel-Sanzey, B, Baquereo, F, Perez-Diaz, J-C and Cossart, P: Expression in E. coli and sequence analysis of the listeriolysin 0 determinant of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect. Immun. 56, 766–772 (1988)
Goebel, W, Kathariou, S, Kuhn, M, Sokolovic, Z, Kreft, J, Köhler, S, Funke, D, Chakraborty, T and Leimeister-Wächter, M: Hemolysin from Listeria—biochemistry, genetics and function in pathogenesis. Infection 16, 149–156 (1988)
Kathariou, S, Metz, P, Hof, H and Goebel, W: Tn916-induced mutations in the hemolysin determinants affecting virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Bact. 169, 1291–1297 (1987)
Gaillard, JL, Berche, P and Sansonetti, P: Transposon mutagenesis as a tool to study the role of haemolysins in virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect. Immun. 52, 50–55 (1986)
Härtlein, M, Schießl, S, Wagner, W, Rdest, U, Kreft, J and Goebel, W: Transport of hemolysin by E. coli. J. Cell. Biochem. 22, 87–97 (1983)
Wagner, W, Kuhn, M and Goebel, W: Active and inactive forms of hemolysin (HlyA) from E. coli. Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 369, 39–46 (1988)
Ludwig A, Jarchau T, Benz R and Goebel W: The repeat domain of E. coli haemolysin (HLyA) is responsible for its Ca2+-dependent binding to erythrocytes. Mol. Gen. Genet. (in press)
Erb, K, Vogel, M, Wagner, W and Goebel, W: Alkaline phosphatase which lacks its own signal sequence becomes enzymatically active when fused to N-terminal sequences of E. coli haemolysin (HlyA). Mol. Gen. Genet. 208, 88–93 (1987)
Hacker, J, Hof, H, Emödy, H and Goebel, W: Influence of cloned E. coli hemolysin genes, S-fimbriae and serum resistance on pathogenicity in different animal models. Microbial. Pathogen. 1, 533–547 (1986)
Hacker, J, Hof, H, Emödy, L and Goebel, W: Clones hemolysin genes from E. coli that cause urinary tract infection determine different levels of toxicity in mice. Infect. Immun. 42, 57–63 (1983)
Goebel, W, Kathariou, S, Hacker, W, Chakraborty, T, Leimeister-Wächter, M, Ludwig, A, Hess, J, Kuhn, M and Wagner, W: Bacterial cytolysins as virulence factors, in Fehrenbach et al. (Eds.) Bacterial Protein Toxins, Zbl. Bakt. Suppl. 325–335, Gustav-Fischer, Stuttgart, New York, 1988
König, B, König, W, Scheffer, J, Hacker, J, and Goebel, W: Role of E. coli hemolysin and bacterial adherence in infection: requirement for release of inflammatory mediates from granulocytes and mast cells. Infect. immun. 54, 886–899 (1986)
Gadeberg, OV and Orskov, J: In vitro cytotoxic effect of-hemolytic E. coli on human blood granulocytes. Immun. 45, 255–261 (1984)
Chakraborty, T, Huhle, B, Hof, H, Bergbauer, H and Goebel, W: Marker exchange mutagenesis of the aerolysindeterminant in Aeromonas hydrophila demonstrates the role of cereolysin in A. hydrophila-associated systemic infections. Infect. Immun. 55, 2274–2280 (1987)
Rocourt, J, Seeliger, HPR: Is haemolysis an in vitro marker of the pathogenic strains of the genus Listeria. Ann. Microbiol. (Institut Pasteur) 138, 277–279 (1987)
Kathariou, S, Rocourt, J, Hof, H and Goebel, W: Levels of L. monocytogenes hemolysin are not directly proportional to virulence in experimental infections of mice. Infect. Immun. 56, 534–536 (1988)
Kuhn, M, Kathariou, S and Goebel, W: Hemolysin supports survival but not entry of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Infect. Immun. 56, 79–82 (1988)
Kuhn M and Goebel W: Identification of an extracellular protein of L. monocytogenes possibly involved in intracellular uptake by mammalian cells. Infect. Immun. (in press)
Gaillard, JL, Berche, P, Mounier, J, Richard, S and Sansonetti, P: In vitro model of penetration and intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes in the human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2. Infect. Immun. 55, 2822–2829 (1987)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Goebel, W., Chakraborty, T. & Kreft, J. Bacterial hemolysins as virulence factors. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 54, 453–463 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00461864
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00461864