Abstract
Antibodies to cellobiose, L-arabinopyranose, L-arabinofuranose, D-galactose, oligosaccharides containing β1→4 xylose, oligosaccharides containing β1→4 glucose, and oligosaccharides containing β1→3 glucose have been raised in rabbits. The antisera have been characterized to show the specificity of binding to particular polysaccharides. They have been used for immunocytology using the electron microscope to locate the polymers in dividing and differentiating cells of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root, bean callus tissue and cells of Zinnia elegans L. in vitro. Arabinogalactans have been shown to be present in the cell-plate and primary walls but not in secondary thickening. Xylan as distinct from xyloglucan was found in the primary walls but not in the cell-plate. It was present in large amounts in the secondary thickening. Callose was found in the cell plate and also in the young growing wall. In the wall it was specifically located at the plasmodesmata. The use of the antibody against L-arabinofuranose enabled a specific organelle to be detected which was membranous and which occurred within the cytoplasm and also within the vacuole of the cells. Membranes carrying polymers containing L-arabinofuranose were also found in layers just under the plasmamembrane.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- L-Araf:
-
L-arabinofuranose
- L-Arap:
-
L-arabinopyranose
- BSA:
-
bovine serum albumin
- Gal:
-
galactose
- D-Galp:
-
D-galactopyranose
- Glc:
-
glucose
- Xyl:
-
xylose
References
Aspinall, G.O., Molloy, J.A. (1969) Extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultured sycamore cells. Can. J. Biochem. 47, 1063–1070
Bevan, M., Northcote, D.H. (1981) Subculture-induced protein synthesis in tissue cultures of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. Planta 152, 24–31
Darvill, A., McNeil, M., Albersheim, P., Delmer, D. (1980) The primary cell walls of flowering plants. In: The biochemistry of plants, vol. I, pp. 91–162, Tolbert, N.E., ed. Academic Press, London
Dische, Z. (1962) General Color reactions. Methods Carbohydr. Chem. 1, 478–514
Dorée, C. (1947) The methods of cellulose chemistry, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London
Fukuda, H., Komamine, A. (1980) Establishment of an experimental system for the study of tracheary element differentiating from single cells isolated from the mesophyll of Zinnia elegans. Plant Physiol. 65, 57–60
Fulcher, R.G., McCully, M.E., Setterfield, G., Sutherland, J. (1976) β1→3 Glucan may be associated with cell plate formation during cytokinesis. Can. J. Bot. 54, 539–542
Geuns-Longly, B., Waterkeyn, M.L. (1976) Les etopes callosiques de la plaque cellulaire dans la mitose somatique chez Hyacinthus orientalis L. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. D 283, 761–763
Gray, G.R. (1978) Antibodies to carbohydrates: Preparation of antigens by coupling carbohydrates to proteins by reductive amination with cyanoborohydride. Methods Enzymol. 50, 155–160
Jacob, S.R., Northcote, D.H. (1985) In vitro glucan synthesis by membranes of celery petioles: The role of the membrane in determining the type of linkage formed. Cell Sci. Suppl. 2, 1–11
Jones, M.G.K., Payne, H.L. (1978) Cytokinesis in Impatiens balsamina and the effect of caffeine. Cytobios 20, 79–91
Kaku, H., Shibata, S., Satuma, Y., Sone, Y., Misaki, A. (1986) Interaction of α-L-arabinofuranose-specific antibody with plant polysaccharides and its histochemical application. Phytochemistry 25, 2041–2097
Misaki, A., Kaku, H., Sone, Y. (1988) Anti-α-L-arabinofuranose antibodies: purification, immunochemical characterization, and use in histochemical studies of plant cell-wall polysaccharides. Carbohydr. Res. 173, 133–144
Moore, P.J., Staehelin, L.A. (1988) Immunogold localization of the cell-wall-matrix polysaccharides, rhamnogalacturonan and xyloglucan during cell expansion and cytokinesis in Trifolium pratense L: Implication for secretory pathways. Planta 174, 433–445
Muray, R.H.A., Northcote, D.H. (1978) Oligoarabinosides of hydroxyproline isolated from potato lectin. Phytochemistry 17, 623–629
Northcote, D.H., Wooding, F.B.P. (1966) Development of sieve tubes in Acer pseudoplatanus. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 163, 524–537
Northcote, D.H. (1972) Chemistry of the plant cell wall. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 23, 113–132
Northcote, D.H. (1989) The site of cellulose synthesis. In: Biosynthesis and biodegradation of cellulose and cellulose materials, in press, Haigler, C., ed. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York
Stein, G.J., Ngu, D.V. (1950) A quantitative complement fixation test: titration of luetic sera by the unit of 50 per cent hemolysis. J. Immunol. 65, 17–37
Talmadge, K.W., Keegstra, K., Bauer, W.D., Albersheim, P. (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. I. The macromolecular components of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells with a detailed analysis of the pectic polysaccharides. Plant Physiol. 51, 158–173
Wilder, B.M., Albersheim, P. (1973) The structure of plant cell walls. IV. The structural comparison of the wall hemicellulose of cell suspension cultured sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Plant Physiol. 51, 889–893
Wright, K., Northcote, D.H. (1973) Differences in ploidy and degree of intercellular contact in differentiating and non-differentiating sycamore calluses. J. Cell Sci. 12, 37–53
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Northcote, D.H., Davey, R. & Lay, J. Use of antisera to localize callose, xylan and arabinogalactan in the cell-plate, primary and secondary walls of plant cells. Planta 178, 353–366 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391863
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391863