Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

How proteins cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

  • Topical Review
  • Published:
The Journal of Membrane Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ahrem, B., Hoffschulte, H.K., Müller, M. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1637–1646

    Google Scholar 

  2. Akimaru, K., Matsuyama, S.-I., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6545–6549

    Google Scholar 

  3. Akita, M., Sasaki, S., Matsuyama, S.I., Mizushima, S. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 265:8164–8169

    Google Scholar 

  4. Akita, M., Shinkai, A., Matsuyama, S.-I., Mizushima, S. 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 174:211–216

    Google Scholar 

  5. Akiyama, Y., Ogura, T., Ito, K. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:5218–5224

    Google Scholar 

  6. Akiyama, Y., Shirai, Y., Ito, K. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:5225–5229

    Google Scholar 

  7. Altman, E., Kumamoto, C. A., Emr, S. 1991. EMBO J. 10:239–245

    Google Scholar 

  8. Arkowitz, R. A., Joly, J. C., Wickner, W. 1993. EMBO J. 12:243–253

    Google Scholar 

  9. Arkowitz, R. A., Wickner, W. 1994. EMBO J. 13:954–963

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bakker, E.P., Randall, L.L. 1984. EMBO J. 3:895–900

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bardwell, J.C.A., Lee, J.-O., Jander, G., Martin, N., Belin, D., Beckwith, J. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:1038–1042

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bardwell, J.C.A., McGovern, K., Beckwith, J. 1991. Cell 67:581–589

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bassford, P., Beckwith, J., Ito, K., Kumamoto, C., Mizushima, S., Oliver, D., Randall, L., Silhavy, T., Tai, P.C., Wickner, W. 1991. Cell 65:367–368

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bassilana, M., Arkowitz, R.A., Wickner, W. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:25246–25250

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bassilana, M., Wickner, W. 1993. Biochemistry 32:2626–2630

    Google Scholar 

  16. Bernstein, H.D., Poritz, M.A., Strub, K., Hoben, P.J., Brenner, S., Walter, P. 1989. Nature 340:482–486

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bieker, K.L., Phillips, G.J., Silhavy, T. 1990. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 22:291–310

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bieker, K.L., Silhavy, T.J. 1990. Cell 61:833–842

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bieker-Brady, K.L., Silhavy, T.J. 1992. EMBO J. 11:3165–3174

    Google Scholar 

  20. Breukink, E.J., van Demel, R., de Korte-Kool, G., de Kruijff, B. 1992. Biochemistry 31:1119–1124

    Google Scholar 

  21. Breukink, E.J., Kusters, R., de Kruijff, B. 1992. Eur. J. Biochem. 208:419–425

    Google Scholar 

  22. Briggs, M.S., Gierash, L.M. 1986. Adv. Prot. Chem. 38:109–180

    Google Scholar 

  23. Brown, S. 1989. J. Mol. Biol. 209:79–90

    Google Scholar 

  24. Brundage, L., Fimmel, C.J., Mizushima, S., Wickner, W. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:4166–4170

    Google Scholar 

  25. Brundage, L., Hendrick, J.P., Schiebel, E., Driessen, A.J.M., Wickner, W. 1990. Cell 62:649–657

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cabelli, R.J., Dolan, K.M., Qian, L., Oliver, D.B. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:24420–24427

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chen, L., Tai, P.C. 1985. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:4384–4388

    Google Scholar 

  28. Chen, L., Tai, P.C. 1986. J. Bacteriol. 168:828–832

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chen, L., Tai, P.C., Briggs, M.S., Gierasch, L.M. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:1427–1429

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cline, K., Ettinger, W.F., Theg, S.M. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:2688–2696

    Google Scholar 

  31. de Cock, H., Tommassen, J. 1992. Mol. Microbiol. 6:599–604

    Google Scholar 

  32. Collier, D.N., Bankaitis, V.A., Weiss, J.B., Bassford, P.J., Jr. 1988. Cell 53:273–283

    Google Scholar 

  33. Crowley, K.S., Reinhart, G.D., Johnson, A.E. 1993. Cell 73:1101–1115

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cunningham, K., Wickner, W. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:8630–8634

    Google Scholar 

  35. Dalbey, R.E., von Heijne, G. 1992. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:474–478

    Google Scholar 

  36. Daniels, C.J., Bole, D.G., Quay, S.C., Oxender, D.L. 1981. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:5396–5400

    Google Scholar 

  37. Date, T., Goodman, J.M., Wickner, W.T. 1980. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:4669–4673

    Google Scholar 

  38. Derman, A.I., Puziss, J.W., Bassford, P.J., Beckwith, J. 1993. EMBO J. 3:879–888

    Google Scholar 

  39. Dolan, K.M., Oliver, D.B. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:23329–23333

    Google Scholar 

  40. Douville, K., Leonard, M., Brundage, L., Nishiyama, K.-L., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S., Wickner, W. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:18705–18707

    Google Scholar 

  41. Driessen, A.J.M. 1992. EMBO J. 11:847–853

    Google Scholar 

  42. Driessen, A.J.M. 1992. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17:219–223

    Google Scholar 

  43. Driessen, A.J.M. 1993. Biochemistry 32:13190–13197

    Google Scholar 

  44. Driessen, A.J.M., Wickner, W. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3107–3111

    Google Scholar 

  45. Driessen, A.J.M., Wickner, W. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2471–2475

    Google Scholar 

  46. Economou, T., Wickner, W.T. 1994. Cell (in press)

  47. Emr, S.D., Hanley-Way, S., Silhavy, T.J. 1981. Cell 23:79–88

    Google Scholar 

  48. Gardel, C., Johnson, K., Jacq, A., Beckwith, J. 1990. EMBO J. 9:3209–3216

    Google Scholar 

  49. Geller, B.L. 1990. J. Bacteriol. 172:4870–4876

    Google Scholar 

  50. Geller, B.L., Green, H.M. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:16465–16469

    Google Scholar 

  51. Geller, B.L., Wickner, W. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 260:13281–13285

    Google Scholar 

  52. Geller, B.L., Zhu, H.-Y., Cheng, S., Kuhn, A., Dalbey, R. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:9442–9447

    Google Scholar 

  53. Görlich, D., Prehn, S., Hartmann, E., Kalies, K.-U., Rapoport, T.A. 1992. Cell 71:489–503

    Google Scholar 

  54. Görlich, D, Rapoport, T.A. 1993. Cell 75:615–630

    Google Scholar 

  55. Green Jensen, C., Brown, S., Pedersen, S. 1994. J. Bacteriol. 176:2502–2506

    Google Scholar 

  56. Haandrikman, A.J., Kok, J., Soemitro, S., Ledeboer, A.M., Konings, W.N., Venema, G. 1989. J. Bacteriol. 171:2789–2794

    Google Scholar 

  57. Hardy, S.J.S., Randall, L.L. 1991. Science 251:439–443

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hartl, F.-U., Lecker, S., Schiebel, E., Hendrick, J.P., Wickner, W. 1990. Cell 63:269–279

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hartmann, E., Sommer, T., Prehn, S., Görlich, D., Jentsch, S., Rapoport, T.A. 1994. Nature 367:654–657

    Google Scholar 

  60. von Heijne, G. 1990. J. Membrane Biol. 115:195–201

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hendirck, J.P., Wickner, W. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:24596–24600

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hikita, C., Mizushima, S. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:4882–4888

    Google Scholar 

  63. Hikita, C., Mizushima, S. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:12375–12379

    Google Scholar 

  64. Inouye, M., Halegoua, S. 1980. CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 7:339–371

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ito, K. 1992. Mol. Microbiol. 6:2423–2428

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ito, K., Akiyama, Y. 1991. Mol. Microbiol. 5:2243–2253

    Google Scholar 

  67. Jacobs, M., Andersen, J.B., Kontinen, V.P., Sarvas, M. 1993. Mol. Microbiol. 8:957–966

    Google Scholar 

  68. Jarosik, G.P., Oliver, D.B. 1991. J. Bacteriol. 173:860–868

    Google Scholar 

  69. Johnson, A.E. 1993. Trends Biochem. Sci. 18:456–458

    Google Scholar 

  70. Joly, J.C., Wickner, W. 1993. EMBO J. 12:255–263

    Google Scholar 

  71. Joly, J.C., Leonard, M.R., Wickner, W.T. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4703–4707

    Google Scholar 

  72. Kamitani, S., Akiyama, Y., Ito, K. 1992. EMBO J. 11:57–62

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kato, M., Mizushima, S. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:3586–3593

    Google Scholar 

  74. Kato, M., Tokuda, H., Misushima, S. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:413–418

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kawasaki, S., Mizushima, S., Tokuda, H. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:8193–8198

    Google Scholar 

  76. Kimura, E., Akita, M., Matsuyama, S.I., Mizushima, S. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:6600–6606

    Google Scholar 

  77. Klose, M., Schimz, K.-L., van der Wolk, J., Driessen, A.J.M., Freudl, R. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:4504–4510

    Google Scholar 

  78. Knott, T.G., Robinson, C. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:7843–7846

    Google Scholar 

  79. Kontinen, V.P., Saris, P., Sarvas, M. 1991. Mol. Microbiol. 5:1273–1283

    Google Scholar 

  80. Koonin, E.V., Gorbalenya, A.E. 1992. FEBS Lett. 298:6–8

    Google Scholar 

  81. Kumamoto, C.A. 1991. Mol. Microbiol. 5:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kumamoto, C.A., Francetic, O. 1992. J. Bacteriol. 175:2184–2188

    Google Scholar 

  83. Kumamoto, C.A., Gannon, P.M. 1988. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 11554–11558

    Google Scholar 

  84. Kusters, R., Breukink, E, Gallusser, A., Kuhn, A., de Kruijff, B. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1560–1563

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kusters, R., Dowham, W., de Kruijff, B. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:8659–8662

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kusters, R., Huijbregts, R., de Kruijff, B. 1992. FEBS Lett. 308:97–100

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kusukawa, N., Yura, T., Ueguchi, C., Akiyama, Y., Ito, K. 1989. EMBO J. 8:3517–3521

    Google Scholar 

  88. Laminet, A.A., Kumamoto, C.A., Plückthun, A. 1991. Mol. Microbiol. 5:117–122

    Google Scholar 

  89. Lecker, S., Driessen, A.J.M., Wickner, W. 1990. EMBO J. 9:2309–2314

    Google Scholar 

  90. Lecker, S., Lill, R., Ziegelhoffer, T., Bassford, P.J., Jr., Kumamoto, C.A., Wickner, W. 1989. EMBO J. 8:2703–2709

    Google Scholar 

  91. Liebke, H.H. 1987. J. Bacteriol. 169:1174–1181

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lill, R., Cunningham, K., Brundage, L.A., Ito, K., Oliver, D., Wickner, W. 1989. EMBO J. 8:961–966

    Google Scholar 

  93. Lill, R., Dowhan, W., Wickner, W. 1990. Cell 60:271–280

    Google Scholar 

  94. Liu, G., Topping, T.B., Randall, L.L. 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9213–9217

    Google Scholar 

  95. Lu, K., Yamada, H., Mizushima, S. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:9977–9982

    Google Scholar 

  96. Luirink, J., Dobberstein, B. 1994. Mol. Microbiol. 11:9–13

    Google Scholar 

  97. Luirink, J., ten Hagen-Jongman, C.M., van der Weijden, C.C., Oudega, B., High, S., Dobberstein, B., Kusters, R. 1994. EMBO J. 13:2289–2295

    Google Scholar 

  98. Luirink, J., High, S., Wood, H., Giner, A., Tollervey, D., Dobberstein, B. 1992. Nature 359:741–743

    Google Scholar 

  99. Martin, J.L., Bardwell, J.C.A., Kuriyan, J. 1993. Nature 365:464–468

    Google Scholar 

  100. Matsuyama, S.I., Akimaru, J., Mizushima, S. 1990. FEBS Lett. 269:96–100

    Google Scholar 

  101. Matsuyama, S.-I., Fujita, Y., Mizushima, S. 1993. EMBO J. 12:265–270

    Google Scholar 

  102. Matsuyama, S.-I., Fujita, Y., Sagara, K., Mizushima, S. 1992. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1122:77–84

    Google Scholar 

  103. Matsuyama, S.I., Kimura, E., Mizushima, S. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:8760–8765

    Google Scholar 

  104. Miller, J.D., Bernstein, H.D., Walter, P. 1994. Nature 367:657–659

    Google Scholar 

  105. Miller, J.D., Wilhelm, H., Gierasch, L., Gilmore, R., Walter, P. 1993. Nature 366:351–354

    Google Scholar 

  106. Missiakes, D., Georgopoulos, C., Raina, S. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7084–7088

    Google Scholar 

  107. Missiakes, D., Georgopoulos, C., Raina, S. 1994. EMBO J. 13:2013–2020

    Google Scholar 

  108. Mitchell, C., Oliver, D. 1993. Mol. Microbiol. 10:483–497

    Google Scholar 

  109. Mothes, W., Prehn, S., Rapoport, T.A. 1994. EMBO J. 13:3973–3982

    Google Scholar 

  110. Murphy, C.K., Beckwith, J. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2557–2561

    Google Scholar 

  111. Müsch, A., Wiedmann, M., Rapoport, T.A. 1992. Cell 69:343–352

    Google Scholar 

  112. Nishiyama, K.-I., Misuzhima, S., Tokuda, H. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:7170–7176

    Google Scholar 

  113. Nishiyama, K.-I., Misuzhima, S., Tokuda, H. 1993. EMBO J. 12:3409–3415

    Google Scholar 

  114. Nishiyama, K.-I., Hanada, M., Tokuda, H. 1994. EMBO J. 13:3272–3277

    Google Scholar 

  115. Oliver, D.B., Cabelli, R.J., Dolan, K.M., Jarosik, G.P. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:8227–8231

    Google Scholar 

  116. Oliver, D.B., Cabelli, R.J., Jarosik, G.P. 1990. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 22:311–338

    Google Scholar 

  117. Pfanner, N., Neupert, W. 1985. EMBO J. 4:2819–2825

    Google Scholar 

  118. Phillips, G.J., Silhavy, T.J., 1990. Nature 344:882–884

    Google Scholar 

  119. Phillips, G.J., Silhavy, T.J. 1992. Nature 359:744–746

    Google Scholar 

  120. Phoenix, D., Kusters, R., Hikita, C., Mizushima, S., de Kruijff, B. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17069–17073

    Google Scholar 

  121. Pogliano, J.A., Beckwith, J. 1993. Genetics 133:763–773

    Google Scholar 

  122. Pogliano, J.A., Beckwith, J. 1994. EMBO J. 13:554–561

    Google Scholar 

  123. Pogliano, J.A., Beckwith, J. 1994. J. Bacteriol. 176:804–814

    Google Scholar 

  124. Poritz, M.A., Bernstein, H.D., Strub, K., Zopf, D., Wilhelm, H., Walter, P. 1990. Science 250:1111–1117

    Google Scholar 

  125. Poritz, M.A., Strub, K., Walter, P. 1988. Cell 55:4–6

    Google Scholar 

  126. Pugsley, A. 1993. Microbiol. Rev. 57:50–108

    Google Scholar 

  127. Ulbrandt, N.D., London, E., Oliver, D.B. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:15148–15192

    Google Scholar 

  128. Randall, L.L. 1983. Cell 33:231–240

    Google Scholar 

  129. Randall, L.L. 1992. Science 257:241–245

    Google Scholar 

  130. Randall, L.L., Hardy, S.J.S. 1986. Cell 46:921–928

    Google Scholar 

  131. Randall, L.L., Topping, T.B., Hardy, S.J.S. 1990. Science 248:860–864

    Google Scholar 

  132. Rapoport, T.A. 1992. Science 258:931–936

    Google Scholar 

  133. Ribes, V., Römisch, K., Giner, A., Dobberstein, B., Tollervey, D. 1990. Cell 63:591–600

    Google Scholar 

  134. Römisch, K., Webb, J., Herz, J., Prehn, S., Frank, R., Vingron, M., Dobberstein, B. 1989. Nature 340:478–482

    Google Scholar 

  135. Saier, M.H. 1994. FEBS Lett. 337:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  136. Sanders, S.L., Whitfield, K.M., Vogel, J.P., Rose, M.D., Schekman, R.W. 1992. Cell 69:353–365

    Google Scholar 

  137. Schatz, P.J., Beckwith, J. 1990. Annu. Rev. Genet. 24:215–248

    Google Scholar 

  138. Schatz, P.J., Bieker, K.L., Ottemann, K.M., Silhavy, T.J., Beckwith, J. 1991. EMBO J. 10:1749–1757

    Google Scholar 

  139. Schatz, P.J., Riggs, P.D., Jacq, A., Fath, M.J., Beckwith, J. 1989. Genes Dev. 3:1035–1044

    Google Scholar 

  140. Shevchik, V.E., Condemine, G., Robert-Baudouy, J. 1994. EMBO J. 13:2007–2012

    Google Scholar 

  141. Schiebel, E., Driessen, A.J.M., Hartl, F.-U., Wickner, W. 1991. Cell 64:927–939

    Google Scholar 

  142. Schiebel, E., Wickner, W. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:7505–7510

    Google Scholar 

  143. Schmid, M.G., Dolan, K.M., Oliver, D. 1991. J. Bacteriol. 173:6605–6611

    Google Scholar 

  144. Shimoike, T., Akiyama, Y., Baba, T., Taura, T., Ito, K. 1992. Mol. Microbiol. 6:1205–1210

    Google Scholar 

  145. Shinkai, A., Mei, L.H., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:5827–5833

    Google Scholar 

  146. Shiozuka, K., Tani, M., Mizushima, S., Tokuda, H. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 31:18843–18847

    Google Scholar 

  147. Simon, S.M., Blobel, G. 1991. Cell 65:371–380

    Google Scholar 

  148. Simon, S.M., Blobel, G. 1992. Cell 69:677–684

    Google Scholar 

  149. Simon, S.M., Peskin, C.S., Oster, G.F. 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:3770–3774

    Google Scholar 

  150. Simonen, M., Palva, I. 1993. Microbiol. Rev. 57:109–137

    Google Scholar 

  151. Swidersky, U.E., Rienhöfer-Schweer, Werner, P.K., Ernst, F., Benson, S.A., Hoffschulte, H.K., Müller, M. 1992. Eur. J. Biochem. 207:803–811

    Google Scholar 

  152. Tani, K., Mizushima, S. 1991. FEBS Lett. 285:127–131

    Google Scholar 

  153. Tani, K., Shiozuka, K., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:18582–18588

    Google Scholar 

  154. Tani, K., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:17341–17347

    Google Scholar 

  155. Taura, T., Baba, T., Akiyama, Y., Ito, K. 1993. J. Bacteriol. 175:7771–7775

    Google Scholar 

  156. Tokuda, H., Akimaru, J., Matsuyama, S.I., Nishuyama, K., Mizushima, S. 1991. FEBS Lett. 279:233–236

    Google Scholar 

  157. Tokuda, H., Kim, Y.L., Mizushima, S. 1990. FEBS Lett. 264:10–12

    Google Scholar 

  158. Tomassen, J., Filloux, A., Bally, M., Murgier, M., Lazdunski, A. 1992. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 103:73–90

    Google Scholar 

  159. Van der Goot, F., Didat, N., Pattus, F., Dowham, W., Letellier, L. 1993. Eur. J. Biochem. 213:217–221

    Google Scholar 

  160. de Vrije, T., de Swart, R.L., Dowham, W., Tommassen, J., de Kruijff, B. 1988. Nature 334:173–175

    Google Scholar 

  161. Walker, J.E., Saraste, M., Runswick, M.J., Gay, N.J. 1982. EMBO J. 1:945–951

    Google Scholar 

  162. Watanabe, M., Blobel, G. 1989. Cell 58:695–705

    Google Scholar 

  163. Watanabe, M., Blobel, G., 1989. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1895–1899

    Google Scholar 

  164. Watanabe, M., Blobel, G. 1993. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9011–9015

    Google Scholar 

  165. Watanabe, M., Nicchitta, C.V., Blobel, G. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1960–1964

    Google Scholar 

  166. Weiss, J.P., Ray, P.H., Bassford, P.J., Jr. 1988. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:8978–8982

    Google Scholar 

  167. Wickner, W., Driessen, A.J.M., Hartl, F.-U. 1991. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 60:101–124

    Google Scholar 

  168. Wunderlich, M., Otto, A., Seckler, R., Glockshuber, R. 1993. Biochemistry 32:12251–12256

    Google Scholar 

  169. van der Wolk, J., Klose, M., Breukink, E., Demel, R.A., de Kruijff, B., Freudl, R., Driessen, A.J.M. 1993. Mol. Microbiol. 8:31–42

    Google Scholar 

  170. van der Wolk, J., Klose, M., Freudl, R., Driessen, A.J.M. 1994. Preprotein binding by ATP-binding site mutants of the bacillus subtilis Sec A. In: Biological Membranes: Structure, Biogenesis and Dynamics. J.A.F. Op den Kamp, editor. NATO ASI Series. Vol. H 82, pp. 237–244. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  171. Yamada, H., Matsuyama, S.-I., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:18577–18581

    Google Scholar 

  172. Yamada, H., Tokuda, H., Mizushima, S. 1989. J. Biol. Chem. 264:1723–1728

    Google Scholar 

  173. Zimmermann, R., Watts, C., Wickner, W. 1982. J. Biol. Chem. 257:6529–6536

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, 9751, NN Haren, The Netherlands

    A. J. M. Driessen

Authors
  1. A. J. M. Driessen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

The author thanks Koreaki Ito, Bill Wickner, Hajime Tokuda, Kunio Yamane, Tom Rapoport, Jan Tomassen, Chris Murphy, Colin Robinson, Joen Luirink, Jan-Maarten van Dijl, and Roland Freudl for discussion and allowing the citation of their work prior to publication, and the members of his laboratory, especially Tanneke den Blaauwen and Peter Fekkes for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (N.W.O.), the Netherlands Foundation for Chemical Research (S.O.N.), and the European Community (E.E.C.).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Driessen, A.J.M. How proteins cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. J. Membarin Biol. 142, 145–159 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234937

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234937

Key words

Search

Navigation