Abstract
Genotoxicity of 10 pesticides (chlornitrofen, chlomethoxyfen, molinate, thiobencarb, simazine, simetryn, diazinon, iprofenfos, piperofos and oxadiazone) was studied by mitotic toxicity, sister chromatid exchange, and rec assay. The pesticides are detected frequently at high levels in the Yodo River water in Osaka, Japan, which is used for drinking water by thirteen million people. Mitotic toxicity was evaluated by mitotic index (MI) and second mitosis index (SI), using a Chinese hamster cell line V79. SI is the rate of twice divided metaphases in chromosome preparation for sister chromatid exchange. All the pesticides decreased the two indices dose-dependently. MI50 and SI50, the concentrations of pesticides which lowered the indices to 50% of the solvent control, was determined. The MI50 and SI50 of each pesticide were very similar, and the pesticides did not hinder cell division specifically. None of the pesticides induced more sister chromatid exchanges than 1.5 times the solvent control. Chlomethoxyfen and simazine induced sister chromatid exchanges significantly in V79 cells, but the dose dependencies were poor. Simetryn had rec effect and was concluded to have DNA damaging activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen HH, Sirianni SR, Huang CC (1981) Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell cycle delay in cultured mammalian cells treated with eight organophosphorus pesticides. Mutation Res 88:307–316
Chen HH, Sirianni SR, Huang CC (1982) Sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells treated with seventeen organophosphorus compounds in the presence of a metabolic activation system. Environ Mutagen 4:621–624
Cooper K (1991) Effects of pesticides on wildlife. In: Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (eds) Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic Press, NY, pp 463–496
Endo G, Kuroda K, Okamoto A, Horiguchi S (1992) Dimethylarsenic acid induces tetraploids in Chinese hamster cells. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 48:138–143
Ghiazza G, Zavarise G, Lanero M, Ferraro G (1984) SCE (sister chromatid exchanges) induced by trifluralin, atrazine and simazine. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 60:2149–2153
Hayes WJ Jr (1991) Production and use of pesticides. In: Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (eds) Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic Press Inc, NY, pp 20–27
Hess FD (1987) Herbicide effects on the cell cycle of meristematic plant cells. Rev Weed Sci 3:183–203
IARC (1983) General considerations on N-nitrosatable pesticides. In IARC Monographs vol 30, IARC, Lyon, pp 359–406
Ishidate M Jr, Sofuni T, Hayashi M, Matsuoka A, Sawada M, Hatanaka M (1987) Introduction methodologies. In: Ishidate M Jr (ed) Data book of chromosomal aberration test in vitro, Life Science Information Center, Tokyo, pp 31–46
Kada T, Hirano K, Shirasu Y (1980) Screening of environmental chemical mutagens by the rec-assay system with Bacillus subtilis, In: de Serres FJ, Hollander A (eds) Chemical mutagens, vol 6, Plenum Publishing, NY, pp 149–173
Kuroda K, Endo G, Okamoto A, Yoo YS, Horiguchi S (1991) Genotoxicity of beryllium, gallium, antimony in short-term assays. Mutation Res 254:163–170
Latt SA, Allen J, Bloom SE, Carrano A, Falke E, Kram D, Shneider E, Schreck R, Tice R, Whitefield B, Wolff S (1981) Sister-chromatid exchanges: A report of the gene-tox program. Mutation Res 87:17–62
Moriya M, Ohta T, Watanabe K, Miyazawa T, Kato K, Shirasu Y (1983) Further mutagenicity studies on pesticides in bacterial reversion systems. Mutation Res 116:185–216
Murakami M, Fukami J (1978) Persistent pesticides and environmental chemicals are taken up to a greater extent than non-persistent compounds by cultured human cells. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 19:423–427
—, — (1983) Compiled data on toxicity to cultured animal and human cells and the mammalian LD50 values of pesticides. J Pesticide Sci 8:367–370
Myhr BC (1973) A screen for pesticide toxicity to protein and RNA synthesis in HeLa cells. J Agric Food Chem 21:362–367
Nishio A, Uyeki EM (1981) Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells by organophosphate insecticides and their oxygen analogs. J Toxicol Environ Health 8:939–945
Perry P and Evans HJ (1975) Cytological detection of mutagen-carcinogen exposure by sister chromatid exchange. Nature 258:121–125
Santone KS, Powis G (1991) Mechanisms of and tests for injuries. In: Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (eds) Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic Press NY, pp 169–214
Shirasu Y, Moriya M, Kato K, Furuhashi A, Kada T (1976) Mutagenicity screening of pesticides in the microbial system. Mutation Res 40:19–30
Sobti RC, Krishan A (1982) Cytokinetic and cytogenetic effects of some agricultural chemicals on human lymphoid cells in vitro: organo-phosphates. Mutation Res 102:89–102
Spear R (1991) Recognized and exposure to pesticides. In: Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr (eds) Handbook of pesticide toxicology. Academic Press, NY, pp 20–27
Tomizawa S, Ueji M, Koshioka M (1989) Pesticide data book. Soft Science, Tokyo
Waters MD, Sanghu SS, Simmon VF, Mortelmans KE, Mitchell AD, Jorgenson TA, Jones DCL, Valemcia R, Garrett NE (1982) Study of pesticides genotoxicity. Basic Life Sci 21:275–326
Yamaguchi Y, Fukushima M, Fujita T and Yamada A (1991) Distribution and seasonal variation of pesticides in Yodo River basin. J Environ Chem 1,56–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kuroda, K., Yamaguchi, Y. & Endo, G. Mitotic toxicity, sister chromatid exchange, and rec assay of pesticides. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 23, 13–18 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225990
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00225990