Abstract
The mechanism of excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems (state transitions) is studied in Synechocystis 6714 wild type and in wild type and a mutant lacking phycocyanin of Synechocystis 6803. (i) Measurements of fluorescence transients and spectra demonstrate that state transitions in these cyanobacteria are controlled by changes in the efficiency of energy transfer from PS II to PS I (spillover) rather than by changes in association of the phycobilisomes to PS II (mobile antenna model). (ii) Ultrastructural study (freeze-fracture) shows that in the mutant the alignment of the PS II associated EF particles is prevalent in state 1 while the conversion to state 2 results in randomization of the EF particle distribution, as already observed in the wild type (Olive et al. 1986). In the mutant, the distance between the EF particle rows is smaller than in the wild type, probably because of the reduced size of the phycobilisomes. Since a parallel increase of spillover is not observed we suggest that the probability of excitation transfer between PS II units and between PS II and PS I depends on the mutual orientation of the photosystems rather than on their distance. (iii) Measurements of the redox state of the plastoquinone pool in state 1 obtained by PS I illumination and in state 2 obtained by various treatments (darkness, anaerobiosis and starvation) show that the plastoquinone pool is oxidized in state 1 and reduced in state 2 except in starved cells where it is still oxidized. In the latter case, no important decrease of ATP was observed. Thus, we propose that in Synechocystis the primary control of the state transitions is the redox state of a component of the cytochrome b 6/f complex rather than that of the plastoquinone pool.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DCCD:
-
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- DBMIB:
-
2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone
- EF:
-
exoplasmic face
- PQ:
-
plasto-quinone
- PS:
-
photosystem
- PBS:
-
phycobilisome
References
Allen JF and Holmes NG (1986) A general model for regulation of photosynthetic unit function by protein phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 202: 175–181
Aoki M and Katoh S (1983) Size of the plastoquinone pool in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport of Synechococcus sp. Plant Cell Physiol 24: 1379–1386
Astier C, Styring S, Maison-Peteri B and Etienne AL (1986) Preparation and characterization of thylakoid membranes and photosystem II particles from the facultative phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6714. Photochem Photobiophys 11: 37–47
Biggins J and Bruce D (1989) Regulation of excitation energy transfer in organisms containing phycobilins. Photosynth Res 20: 1–34
Brimble S and Bruce D (1989) Pigment orientation and excitation energy transfer in Porphyridium cruentum and Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 cross-linked in light state 1 and light state 2 with glutaraldehyde. Biochim Biophys Acta 973: 315–323
Bruce D and Biggins J (1985) Mechanism of the light-state transition in photosynthesis. V. 77 K linear dichroism of Anacystis nidulans in State 1 and State 2. Biochim Biophys Acta 810: 295–301
Bruce D, Brimble S and Bryant DA (1989) State transitions in a phycobilisome-less mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Biochim Biophys Acta 974, 66–73
Diner BA (1979) Energy transfer from the phycobilisomes to photosystem II reaction centers in wild type Cyanidium caldarium. Plant Physiol 63: 30–34
Dominy PJ and Williams WP (1987) The role of respiratory electron flow in the control of excitation energy distribution in blue-green algae. Biochim Biophys Acta 892: 264–274
Elmorjani K, Thomas JC and Sebban P (1986) Phycobilisomes of wild type and pigment mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Arch Microbiol 146: 186–191
Fork D and Satoh K (1983) State I-state II transitions in the thermophilic blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Synechococcus lividus. Photochem Photobiol 37: 421–427
Fork D and Satoh K (1986) The control by state transitions of the distribution of excitation energy in photosynthesis. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 37: 335–361
Gans P, Bulte L, Rebeille F and Wollman FA (1990) ATP deprivation induces state I to state II transition in the dark in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In: Baltscheffsky M (ed) Current Research in Photosynthesis, Vol 4, pp 43–46. Kluwer Academic Publishers
Glazer AN, William RC, Yamanaka G and Schachman HK (1979) Characterization of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes in zwitterionic detergents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 6162–6166
Hirano M, Satoh K and Katoh S (1980) Plastoquinone as a common link between photosynthesis and respiration in a blue-green alga. Photosynth Res 1: 149–162
Joset-Espardellier F, Astier C, Evans EH and Carr NG (1978) Cyanobacteria grown under photoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic and heterotrophic regimes: sugar metabolism and carbon dioxide fixation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 4: 261–264
Lundin A and Thore A (1975) Comparison of methods for extraction of bacterial adenine nucleotides determined by firefly assay. Appl Microbiol 30: 713–721
Mullineaux CW and Allen JF (1986) The state 2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 can be driven by respiratory electron flow into the plastoquinone pool. FEBS Lett 205: 155–160
Mullineaux CW and Allen JF (1988) Fluorescence induction transients indicate dissociation of Photosystem II from the phycobilisomes during the State-2 transition in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. Biochim Biophys Acta 934: 96–107
Mullineaux CW and Holzwarth AR (1990) A proportion of photosystem II core complexes are decoupled from the phycobilisome in light-state 2 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. FEBS Lett 260: 245–248
Olive J, M'Bina I, Vernotte C, Astier C and Wollman FA (1986) Randomization of the EF particles in thylakoid membranes of Synechocystis 6714 upon transition from state I to state II. FEBS Lett 208: 308–312
Peschek GA (1987) Respiratory electron transport. In: Fay P and Van Baalen C (eds) The Cyanobacteria, pp 119–161. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Prochaska LJ, Bisson R, Capaldi RA, Steffens GCM and Buse G (1981) Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase function by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Biochim Biophys Acta 637: 360–373
Satoh K and Fork DC (1983) The relationship between state II to I transitions and cyclic phosphorylation electron flow around photosystem I. Photosynth Res 4: 245–256
Williams WP and Dominy PJ (1990) Control of excitation energy distribution in cyanobacteria: sensitivity to uncouplers and ATP synthase inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1015: 121–130
Williams WP and Allen JF (1987) State 1/State 2 changes in higher plants and algae. Photosynth Res 13: 19–45
Wollman FA (1979) Ultrastructural comparison of Cyanidium caldarium wild type and III-c mutant lacking phycobilisomes. Plant Physiol 63: 375–381
Wollman FA and Delepelaire P (1984) Correlation between changes in light energy distribution and changes in thylakoid membrane polypeptide phosphorylation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Cell Biol 98: 1–7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vernotte, C., Astier, C. & Olive, J. State 1-state 2 adaptation in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6714 wild type and Synechocystis PCC 6803 wild type and phycocyanin-less mutant. Photosynth Res 26, 203–212 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033133
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00033133