Skip to main content

Abstract

Grapevine belongs to the genus Vitis, which was created in 1700 by Tourneford and was one of the first genera studied by Linnaeus in 1735. The word Vitis is derived from the Latin word viere which means ‘to attach’; it was used by Virgil to describe the climbing habit of vines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, D. Mc. E. (1957) Seasonal fluctuations in the nitrogen content of the Sultana vine. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 8, 162–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G. (1977) Growth and ripening of grape berry. In O.I.V. Int. Symp. on the Quality of the Vintage, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 129–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G. and Hifny, H.A.A. (1972) Zur stiellahme der reben. II. Kausalanalytische Untersuchungen. Vitis, 11, 10–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G. and Koch, R. (1977) Der athylengehalt reifender Weinbeeren. Vitis, 9, 263–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G., Düring, H. and Waitz, G. (1975) Utersuchungen zum mechanismus der zuckereinlagerung in die qachsenden weinbeeren. Angew. Bot., 49, 65–73

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G., Düring, H. and Jung, K.H. (1984) Zum einfluss des klimas auf beerenentwicklung, ertrag und Qualitat bei Reben: Ergebnisse einer siebenjahrigen Factorenanalyse. Vitis, 23, 127–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Alleweldt, G., Engel, M. and Gebbing, H. (1981) Histologische Untersuchungen an weinbeeren. Vitis, 20, 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Aryan, A.P., Wilson, B., Strauss, C.B. and Williams, P.J. (1987) The proportion of glycosides of Vitis vinifera and a comparison of their β-glycosidase activity with that of exogenous enzymes. As assessment of possible applications in enology. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 38, 182–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanke, M.M. and Leyhe, A. (1987) Stomatal activity of the grape berry cv. Riesling, Muller-Thurgan and Ehrenfelser. Journal of Plant Physiology, 127, 451–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Brem, S., Ruffner, H.P. and Rast, D.M. (1981) Aspects of malate formation in grape leaves. In Photosynthesis VI, (ed. G. Akoyunoglou), Balaham Inst. Sci. Services, Philadelphia, pp. 181–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Brillouet, J.M. (1987) A study of pectic polysaccharides in must from various mature grapes grown in the Pech Rouge experimental vineyards. Biochemic, 69, 713–721

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brillouet, J.M., Bosco, C. and Miutaunet, M. (1990) Isolation, purification and characterization of an arabinogalactan from a red wine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 41, 29–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S.C. and Coombe, B.G. (1982) Sugar transport by an enzyme complex at the tonoplast of grape pericarp cells? Naturwissenschaften, 69, 43–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S.C. and Coombe, B.G. (1984) Solute accumulation by grape pericarp cells. II. Studies with protoplasts and isolated vacuoles. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen., 179, 157–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buttrose, M.S., Hale C.R. and Kliewer, W.M. (1971) Effect of temperature on the composition of “Cabernet Sauvignon” berries. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 22, 71–75

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caryel, A., Crouzet, J. and Chan, H.W. (1983) Evidence for the occurence of lipoxygenase activity in grapes (variety Carignane). American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 34, 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Cawthon, D.L. and Morris, J.R. (1982) Relationship of number and maturity to berry development, fruit maturation, hormonal changes, and uneven ripening of “Concord”’ (Vitis labrusca L.) grapes. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 107, 1097–1104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheynier, V. and Rigaud, J. (1986) HPLC separation and characterization of flavonols in the skins of Vitis vinifera var. Cinsault. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 37, 248–251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Considine, J.A. (1981) Stereological analysis of the dermal system of fruit of the grape Vitis vinifera L. Australian Journal of Botany, 29, 463–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Considine, J.A. and Knox, R.B. (1979) Development and histochemistry of the cells, cell walls and cuticle of the dermal system of fruit of the grape, Vitis vinifera L. Protoplasma, 99, 347–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Considine, J.A. and Knox, R.B. (1981) Tissue organs, cell lineages and patterns of cell division in the developing dermal system of the fruit of Vitis vinifera L. Planta, 151, 403–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1960) Relationship of growth and development to changes in sugars, auxins, and gibberellins in fruit of seeded and seedless varieties of Vitis vinifera. Plant Physiology, 35, 241–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1973) Regulation of set and development of the grape berry. Acta Horticulture, 34, 261–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1976) The development of fleshy fruits. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 27, 207–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1980) Development of the grape berry. I. Effects of time of flowering and competition. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, 125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1987) Distribution of solutes within the developing grape berry in relation to its morphology. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 38, 129–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1989) The grape berry as a sink. Acta Horticulturae, 239, 149–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. (1992) Research on development and ripening of the grape berry. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. and Bishop, G.R. (1980) Development of the grape berry. II. Changes in diameter and deformability during véraison. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 31, 499–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. and Hale, C.R. (1973) The hormone content of ripening grape berries and the effect of growth substances treatments. Plant Physiology, 51, 629–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G. and Phillips, P.E. (1982) Development of the grape berry II Compositional changes during véraison measured by sequential hypodermic sampling. Proceedings of International Symposium on Grapes and Wine, Davis, Calif. June, 1980, pp. 132–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B.G., Bovio, M. and Schneider, A. (1987) Solute accumulation by grape pericarp cells. Journal of Experimental Botany, 38, 1789–1798

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordonnier, R. and Bayonore, C. (1974) Mise en evidence dans la baie de raisin, varieté muscat d’Alexandrie, de monoterpenes lies revelables par une ou plusieurs enzymes du fruit. CR Acad. Sci. Paris, D 278, 3387–3390

    Google Scholar 

  • Dal Belin Peruffo, A. and Pallavicini, C. (1975) Enzymatic changes associated with ripening of grape berries. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 26, 559–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Datunashvili, E.N., Tyrina, S.S. and Kardash, N.K. (1976) Some properties of grape pectin methyl esterase. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 12, 36–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Downton, W.J.S. and Loveys, B.R. (1978) Compositional changes during grape berry development in relation to abscisic acid and salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5, 415–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drawert, F., Heimann, W., Emberger, R. and Tobback, P. (1966) Uber die biogenese von armastoffen bei pflanzen und fruchen. II. Enzymatisch Produktion von 2-hexanol, hexanal und deren vorsterffen. Ann. Chem., 694, 200–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubernet, M. and Ribéreau-Gayon, P. (1974) Isoelectric point changes in Vitis vinifera catechol oxidase. Phytochemistry, 13, 1085–1087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumazert, G., Margulis, H. and Montreau, F.R. (1973) Evolution des composes phenoliques au cours de la maturation d’un Vitis vinifera blanc: le Mauzac. Annals Technology Agriculture, 22, 137–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Düring, H. (1973) Abscisinsaure in Vitis vinifera fruchten wahrend der reife. Natuzwissenschaften, 60, 301–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Düring, H. (1974) Abscisinsaure in Vitis vinifera fruchten wahrend der reife. Vitts, 13, 112–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Düring, H. and Alleweldt, G. (1984) Zue moglichen Bedeuting der Avscisinsaure bei der zuckereinlagerung in die Weinbeere. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges., 97, 101–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmahan, H.L. and Pandey, P.M. (1976) Hormonal regulation of the lag phase in seeded and seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis, 15, 227–235

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanzy, G. and Poux, C. (1965) Sur la teneur en acides amine dans le raisin et la mout en relation aux conditions climatiques. Ann. Technol. Agric., 14, 87–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flora, L.F. (1978) Influence of heat cultivar and maturity on the anthocyanidin-3,5-diglucosides of muscadine grapes, Journal of Food Science, 43, 1819–1821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghisi, R., Jannini, B. and Passera, C. (1984) Changes in the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen and sulphur assimilation during leaf and berry development of Vitis vinifera. Vitis, 23, 257–267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guelfat-Reich, S. and Safran, B. (1971) Indices of maturity of table grapes as determined by variety. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 22, 13–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Bayonove, C.L., Baumes, R.L. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1985a) The aroma of grapes. 1. Extraction and determination of free and glycosidically bound fractions of some grape aroma components. Journal of Chromatography, 331, 83–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Bayonove, C.L., Baumes, R.L. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1985b) The aroma of grapes. Localization and evolution of free and bound fractions of some grape aroma components cv Muscat during first development and maturation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 36, 857–862

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Bayonove, C.L., Baumes, R.L. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1986) Changes in free and bound fractions of aromatic components in vine leaves during development of Muscat grapes. Phytochemistry, 25, 944–946

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Bayonove, C.L., Cordonnier, R.E., Arnaud, A. and Galzy, P. (1990) Hydrolysis of grape monoterpenyl glycosides by Candida molischiana and Candida wickerhamii β-glycosides. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 50, 499–506

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Biron, C., Sapis, J.C. and Bayonove, C.L. (1989) Glycosidase activities in sound and rotten grapes in relation to hydrolysis of grape monoterpenyl glycosides. Vitis, 28, 191–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gunata, Y.Z., Bitteur, S., Brillouet, J.M., Bayonove, C. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1988) Sequential enzymic hydrolysis of potentially aromatic glycosides from grape. Carbohydrate Research, 184, 139–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock, K. (1981) Flavonoids. In The Biochemistry of Plants, (eds P.K. Stumpf and E.E. Conn), Vol. 7, pp. 425–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale, C.R. (1977) Relation between potassium and the malate and tartrate contents of grape berries. Vitis, 16, 9–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hale, C.R. and Buttrose, M.S. (1974) Effect of temperature on ontogeny of berries of Vitis vinifera L. Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science, 99, 390–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada, H. (1980) Cytokinin-binding protein in grape berries. Vitis, 19, 216–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, P.J. (1968) Metabolism of sugars and organic acids in immature grape berries. Plant Physiology, 43, 224–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harel, E. and Mayer, A.M. (1971) Partial purification and properties of catechol oxidases in grapes. Phytochemistry, 10, 17–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harel, E., Mayer, A.M. and Lehman, E. (1973) Multiple forms of Vitis vinifera catechol oxidase. Phytochemistry, 12, 2649–2654

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, J.M., Kriedemann, P.E. and Possingham, J.V. (1971) Grape berry respiration: effects of metabolic inhibitors. Vitis, 9, 291–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hawker, J.S. (1969) Changes in the activities of malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, phosphopyruvate carboxylase during the development of a non-climacteric fruit (the grape). Phytochemistry, 8, 19–23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helsper, J.P.F.G. and Loewus, F.A. (1985) Studies on L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis and metabolism in Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. (Vitaceae). Plant Science, 40, 105–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hofacher, W., Alleweldt, G. and Khader, S. (1976) Einfluss von umweltfaktoren aut Beenrenwachstum und must qualitat bei der rebe. Vitis, 15, 96–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrazdina, G. and Moskowitz, H. (1980) Subcellular status of anthocyanins in grape skins. Proceedings of International Symposium on Grape and Wine, Davis Ca., pp. 245–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrazdina, G., Parsons, G.F. and Mattick, L.R. (1984) Physiological and biochemical events during development and maturation of grape berries, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 35, 220–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, J.C. and Heatherbell, D.A. (1987) Isolation and characterization of soluble proteins in grapes, grape juice and wine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 36, 6–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Iland, P.G. and Coombe, B.G. (1988) Malate, tartrate, potassium, and sodium in flesh and skin of Shiraz grapes during ripening: concentration and compartmentation. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 39, 71–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Interesse, E.S., Alloggio, Y., Lamparelli, F. and D’Avella, G. (1984) Characterization of the oxidative enzymatic system of the phenolic compounds from Muscat grapes. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 17, 5–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S. and Yokotsuka, T. (1973) Susceptibility of fruit juke to enzymatic clarification by pectin lyase and its relation to pectin in fruit juice. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 21, 269–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwahori, S., Weaver, R.J. and Pool, R.M. (1968) Gibberellin-like activity of berries and seedless Tokay grapes. Plant Physiology, 43, 333–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, F.L., Kissler, J.J., Peacock, W.L. and Leavitt, G.M. (1975) Effect of ethephon on color and fruit characteristics of “Tokay” and “Emperor” table grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 26, 79–81

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jona, R. and Foa, E. (1979) Histochemical survey of cell-wall polysaccharides of selected fruits. Scientia Horticulturae, 10, 141–147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jona, R., Vallania, R. and Rosa, C. (1983) Cell wall development in the berries of two grapevines. Scientia Horticulturae, 20, 169–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz, O. (1985) Changes in the free proline content of grape berries during ripening (in Hungarian). Acta Agron. Acad. Sci. Hung., 34, 243–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, I., Suglura, A., Utsunomiya, N. and Tomana, I. (1982) Effect of abscisk acid and defoliation on anthocyanin accumulation in Kyoto grapes (Vitis vinifera L. x V. labruscana Bailey). Vitis, 21, 325–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kataoka, I., Yasutaka, K., Sugiura, A. and Tomana, T. (1983) Changes in L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and anthocyanin synthesis during berry ripening of three grape cultivars. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 52, 273–279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kidron, M., Harel, S. and Mayer, A.M. (1978) Catechol oxidase activity in grapes and wine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 29, 30–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klenert, M., Rapp, A. and Alleweldt, G. (1978) Einfluss der traubentemperatur aut Beerenwachstum und Beerenreipe der Rebsorte Silvaner. Vitis, 17, 350–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M. (1968) Changes in the concentration of free amino acids in grape acids in grape berries during maturation. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 19, 166–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M. (1969) Free amino acids and other nitrogenous substances of table grape varieties. Food Science, 34, 274–278

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M. (1973) Berry composition of Vitis vinifera cultivars as influenced by photo- and nycto-temperature during maturation. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 98, 153–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M. and Schultz, H.B. (1973) Effect of sprinkler cooling of grapevines on fruit growth and composition. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 24, 17–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M. and Weaver, R.J. (1971) Effect of crop level and leaf area on growth, composition, and coloration of “Tokay” grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 22, 172–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, W.M., Lider, L.A. and Ferrari, N. (1972) Effects of controlled temperature and light intensity on growth and carbohydrate levels of “Thompson Seedless” grapevines. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 97, 185–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch, R. and Alleweldt, G. (1978) Der gaswechsel reinfender weinbeeren. Vitis, 17, 30–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch, J. and E. Sajak (1959) A review and some studies on grape protein. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 10, 114–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochhar, S., Kochhar, V.K. and Khanduja, S.D. (1979) Changes in the pattern of isoperoxidases during maturation of grape berries cv Gulabi as affected by ethephon (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 30, 275–277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriedemann, P.E. (1968) Observations on gas exchange in the developing Sultana berry. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 21, 907–916

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriedemann, P.E. (1969) Sugar uptake by the grape berry. A note on the absorption pathway. Planta, 85, 111–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakso, A.N. and Kliewer, W.M. (1975) The influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries. Plant Physiology, 56, 370–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lakso, A.N. and Kliewer, W.M. (1978) The influence of temperature on malic acid metabolism in grape berries. II. Temperature responses of net dark CO2 fixation and malic acid pools. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 29, 145–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, A. and Düring, H. (1991) Partitioning control by water potential gradient: evidence for compartmentation breakdown in grape berries. Journal of Experimental Botany, 42, 1117–1122

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavee, S. (1960) Effect of gibberellic acid on seeded grapes. Nature (London), 185, 395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavee, S. and Nir, G. (1986) Grape, In CRC Handbook of fruit set and development, (ed S.P. Monselise), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 167–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.Y. and Jaworski, A. (1987) Phenolic compounds in white grapes grown in New York. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 38, 277–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.Y. and Jaworski, A. (1989) Major phenolic compounds in ripening white grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 40, 43–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.Y., Smith, N.L. and Nelson, P.P. (1979a) Relationship between pectin methylesterase activity and the formation of methanol in Concord grape juice and wine. Food Chemistry, 4, 143–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, J.C., Tomana, T., Utsunomiya, N. and Kataoka, I. (1979b) Physiological studies on the anthocyanin development on grape. I. Effect of fruit temperature on the anthocyanin development in Kyoto grape. Journal of Korean Society of Horticultural Science, 20, 55–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lohnertz, O. (1988) Untersuchungen zum zeitlichen veraluf der nahrstoffaujnahme bei Vitis vinifera (cv Riesling) Thesis, University of Giessen, Geisenheimer Berichte, p. 228

    Google Scholar 

  • Lohnertz, O. (1991) Soil nitrogen and the uptake of nitrogen in grapevines. Proceedings International Symposium on Nitrogen in Grape and Wine, Seattle, Wa., pp.1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Loulakakis, K.A. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (1990a) Intra-cellular localization and properties of NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase from Vitis vinifera L.: Purification and characterization of the major isoenzyme. Journal of Experimental Botany, 41, 1223–1230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loulakakis, K.A. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (1990b) Immunocharacterization of NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase from Vitis vinifera L. Plant Physiology, 94, 109–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loulakakis, K.A. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (1990c) Effect of trophic conditions on glutamate dehydrogenase regulation in grapevine callus. Physiologia Plantarum, 79, 745

    Google Scholar 

  • Loulakakis, K.A. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (1991) Plant NAD(H) glutamate dehydrogenase consists of two polypeptide subunits and their participation in the seven isoenzymes occurs in an ordered ratio. Plant Physiology, 97, 109–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Loulakakis, K.A. and Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. (1992) Ammonia-induced increase in NAD(H)-glutamate dehydrogenase activity is caused by de novo synthesis of α-subunit. Planta, 187, 322–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, C.D. and Jensen, F.L. (1966) Thinning effects of bloomtime gibberellin spray on Thompson Seedless grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 17, 286–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Malipiero, U., Ruffner, H.P. and Rast D.M. (1987) Ascorbic tartaric acid conversion in grapevines. Journal of Plant Physiology, 129, 33–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maroc, J. (1967) La conversion du glucolate en glucose et ses relations avec la biogenese de l’acide tartarique. Physiologie Vegetale, 5, 37–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, A.M. and Harel, E. (1979) Polyphenoloxidases in plants. A review. Phytochemistry, 18, 193–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molina, I., Nicolas, M. and Croujet, J. (1986) Grape alcohol dehydrogenase. I. Isolation and characterization. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 37, 169–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moskowitz, A. and Hrazdina, G. (1981) Vacuolar contents of fruit epidermal cells from Vitis species. Plant Physiology, 68, 686–692

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphey, J.M., Spayd, S.E. and Powers, J.R. (1989) Effect of grape maturation on soluble protein characteristics of Gewürztraminer and White Riesling juice and wine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 40, 199–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa, S.H., Komatsu, H. and Yuda, Y. (1980) A study of micromorphology of grape berry surface during their development with special reference to stomata. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 49, 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, K., Amano, Y. and Kagami, M. (1983) Purification and some properties of a polyphenoloxidase from Koshu grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 34, 122–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi, K., Uesugi, T., Sato, T. and Yokotsuta, K. (1986) Isolation and characterization of soluble and insoluble proteins in Koshu grape juice. Journal of the Institute of Enology and Viticulture, 24, 7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Nassar, A.R. and Kliewer, W.M. (1966) Free amino acids in various parts of Vitis vinifera at different stages of development. Proceedings of American Society of Horticultural Science, 89, 281–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, K.E. (1979) Harvesting and handling California table grapes for market. University of California, Publication 4095

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemietz, C. and Hawker, J.S. (1988) Sucrose accumulation in red beet vacuoles by UDP glucose-dependent group translocation — fact or artefact? Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15, 359–366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J.P., Pratt, C., Nitsch, C. and Shaulis, N.J. (1960) Natural growth substances in Concord and Concord seedless grapes in relation to berry development. American Journal of Botany, 47, 566–576

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong, B.Y. and Nagel, C.W. (1978) Hydroxycinnamic acid tartaric acid ester content in mature grapes during maturation of White Riesling grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 29, 277–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oszmianski, J., Romeyer, F.M., Sapis, J.C. and Macheix, J.J. (1986) Grape seed phenolics extraction as affected by some conditions occurring during wine processing. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 37, 7–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ough, C.S. (1968) Proline content of California grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 7, 321–331

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ough, C.S. (1969) Ammonia content of California grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20, 213–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palejwala, V.A., Parikh, H.R. and Modi, V.V. (1985) The role of abscisic acid in the ripening of grapes. Physiologia Plantarum, 65, 498–502

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, R.M. and Farmahan, H.L. (1977) Changes in the rate of photosynthesis and respiration in leaves and berries of Vitis vinifera grapevines at various stages of berry development. Vitis, 16, 106–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E. (1947) Contribution a l’étude biochemique de la maturation du raisin et de la composition des vins. Bulletin O.I.V., 20, 34–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E. and Maurie, A. (1953) Sur l’évolution de azore dans les differences partes du raisin au cours de la maturation. Ann. Technol. Agr., 2, 12–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E. and Ribéreau-Gayon, G.P. (1971) The grape. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol. 2 (ed. A.C. Hulme), Academic Press, London. pp. 179–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirie, A. and Mullins, M.G. (1976) Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose, nitrate and abscisic acid. Plant Physiology, 58, 468–472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirie, A. and Mullins, M.G. (1977) Interrelationships of sugars, anthocyanins, total phenols and dry weight in the skin of grape berries during ripening. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28, 204–209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pool, R. (1975) Effect of cytokinins on in vitro development of Concord flowers. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 26, 43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Possner, D. and Kliewer, W.M. (1985) The localisation of acids, sugars, potassium and calcium in developing grape berries. Vitis, 24, 229–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Possner, D., Ruffner, H.P. and Rast, D.M. (1981) Isolation and biochemical characterization of grape malic enzyme. Planta, 151, 549–554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Possner, D., Ruffner, H.P. and Rast, D.M. (1983) Regulation of malic acid metabolism in berries of Vitis vinifera. Acta Horticulturae, 139, 117–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt, C. (1971) Reproductive anatomy in cultivated grapes — a review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 22, 92–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Raddler, F. and Totokfalvy, E. (1973) The affinity for oxygen of polyphenol-oxidase in grapes. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 152, 38–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, A., Staffan, H., Kupter, G. and Ullemeyer, H. (1971) Uder der saurestoffwechsel in weihbeeren. Angew. Chem., 22, 925

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribéreau-Gayon, G.P. (1964) The composes phenoliques du raisin et du vin. II. Les flavonosides et les anthocyanosides. Annals de Physiologie Vegetale, 6, 211–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribéreau-Gayon, G.P. (1971) Evolution des composes phenoliques au cours de la maturation du raisin. I. Experimentation 1969. Connaissance de la Vigne et du Vin, 2, 247–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribéreau-Gayon, G.P. (1972) Evolution des composes phenoliques au cours de la maturation du raisin. II. Discussion des resultats obtenus en 1969, 1970 et 1971. Connaissance de la Vigne et du Vin, 2, 161–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribéreau-Gayon, G.P., Boidron, J.N. and Terrier, A. (1975) Aroma of muscat grape varieties. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 21, 1042–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, G.L., Eschenbruch, R. and Cresswell, K.S. (1980) Seasonal changes in the pectin substances of grapes and their implication in juice extraction. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 31, 162–164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robin, J.P., Romieu, C., Sauvage, F.X., Nicol, M.Z. and Flanzy, C. (1987) Evidence of an aspartase activity in Vitis vinifera berries. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 25, 797–804

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roggero, J.P., Coen, S. and Ragonnet, B. (1986) High performance liquid chromatography. Survey on changes in pigment content in ripening grapes of Syrah. An approach to anthocyanin metabolism. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 137, 77–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenquist, J.K. and Morrison, J.C. (1988) The development of the cuticle and epicutical wax of the grape berry. Vitis, 27, 63–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1976) Influence of light intensity and growth regulators on fruit-set and ovule fertilization in grape cultivars under low temperature conditions. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 27, 163–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1978a) Enzymes of Krebs-Henseleit Cycle in Vitis vinifera L. I. Ornithine carbamoyl-transferase: isolation and some properties. Plant Physiology, 62, 337–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1978b) Enzymes of Krebs-Henseleit Cycle in Vitis vinifera L. II. Arginosuccinate synthetase and lyase. Plant Physiology, 62, 340–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1978c) Enzymes of Krebs-Henseleit Cycle in Vitis vinifera L. III. In vivo and in vitro studies of arginase. Plant Physiology, 62, 344–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. and Kliewer W.M. (1981) Influence of nitrogen fertilization on activities of ornithine transcarbamoylase and arginase in Chenin blanc berries at different stages of development. Vitis, 20, 130–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1985) Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in berries of Vitis vinifera L.: Extraction and possible sources of error during assay. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 36, 314–315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1986) Effects of exogenous factors on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics in grape berries. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 37, 275–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A., Loulakakis, K.A. and Kanellis, A.K. (1991) Synthesis and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in grapevine callus. Proceedings of International Meeting on Nitrogen in Grape and Wine, Seattle, Wa., June 1991, pp. 306–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P. (1982a) Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vitis: a review — Part A. Vitis, 21, 247–259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P. (1982b) Metabolism of tartaric and malic acids in Vitis: a review — Part B. Vitis, 21, 346–358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P. and Hawker, J.S. (1977) Control of glycolysis in ripening berries of Vitis vinifera. Phytochemistry, 16, 1171–1175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P. and Kliewer, W.M. (1975) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in grape berries. Plant Physiology, 56, 67–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P. and Rast, D.M. (1974) Die Biogenese von tartrat in der Weinrebe. Z. Pflanzephysiol, 73, 45–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P., Brem, S. and Malipiero, U. (1983a) The physiology of acid metabolism in grape berry ripening. Acta Horticulturae, 139, 123–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P., Brem, S. and Rast, D.M. (1983b) Pathway of photosynthetic malate formation in Vitis vinifera, a C3 plant. Plant Physiology, 73, 582–585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P., Hawker, J.C. and Hale, C.R. (1976) Temperature and enzymic control of malate metabolism in berries of Vitis vinifera. Phytochemistry, 15, 1877–1880

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P., Koblet, W. and Rast, D.M. (1975) Gluconeogenese in reifenden Beeren von Vitis vinifera. Vitis, 13, 319–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffner, H.P., Possner, D., Brem, S. and Rast, D.M. (1984) The physiological role of malic enzyme in grape ripening. Planta, 160, 144–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Kasai, Z. (1968) Accumulation of tartaric acid in the ripening process of grapes. Plant Cell Physiology, 9, 529–537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Kasai, Z. (1969) Tartaric acid synthesis from L-ascorbic acid-1 14C in grape berries. Phytochemistry, 8, 2177–2182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Kasai, Z. (1978) Conversion of labelled substrated to sugars, cell wall polysaccharides, and tartaric acid in grape berries. Plant Physiology, 62, 215–219

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Kasai, Z. (1982) Conversion of L-ascorbic acid to L-idonic acid, L-idono-γ-lactone and 2-keto-L-idonic acid in slices of immature grapes. Plant Cell Physiology, 23, 499–507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Kasai, Z. (1984) Synthesis of L(+)-tartaric acid from ascorbic acid via 5-keto-D-gluconic acid in grapes. Plant Physiology, 76, 170–174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, K. and Loewus, F.A. (1979) The metabolism of L-6 14C ascorbic acid in detached leaves. Plant Cell Physiology, 20, 1481–1488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Ferrer, A., Bru, R. and Garcia-Carmena, F. (1989) Novel procedure for extraction of a latent grape polyphenoloxidase using temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114. Plant Physiology, 91, 1481–1487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapis, J.C., Macheix, J.C. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1983a) The browning capacity of grapes. I. Changes in polyphenol oxidase activities during development and maturation of the fruit. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 31, 342–345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sapis, J.C., Macheix, J.C. and Cordonnier, R.E. (1983b) The browning capacity of grapes. II. Browning potential and polyphenol oxidase activities in different mature grape varieties. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 34, 157–162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saulnier, L. and Brillouet, J.M. (1988) Structural studies of peptic substances from the pulp of grape berries. Carbohydrate Research, 182, 63–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saulnier, L. and Brillouet, J.M. (1989) An arabinogalactan-protein from the pulp of grape berries. Carbohydrate Research, 188, 137–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saulnier, L., Brillouet, J.M. and Moutounet, M. (1988) Nouvelles acquisitions structurales sur les substances pectiques de la pulpe de raisin. Connaissance de la Vigne et du Vin, 22, 135–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saulnier, L. and Thibault, J.F. (1987a) Extraction and characterization of pectic substances from pulp of grape berries. Carbohydrate Polymers, 7, 329–343

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saulnier, L. and Thibault, J.F. (1987b) Enzymic degradation of isolated peptic substances and cell wall from pulp of grape berries. Carbohydrate Polymers, 7, 343–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, K., Lohnertz, O., Oswald, D. and Sprengart, B. (1985) Nitratanreicherung in reben. 3. Mitteilung: Nitratdynamik in rappen und beeren wahrend einer Vegetationsperiode in verschiedenen rebsorten. Wein Wissen, 40, 147–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Scienza, A., Mieavalle, R., Visai, C. and Fregoni, M. (1978) Relationships between seed number, gibberellin and abscisic acid levels and ripening in Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries. Vitis, 17, 361–368

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrinivasan, C. and Mullins, M.G. (1979) Flowering in Vitis: Conversion of tendrils into inflorescences and bunches of grapes. Planta, 145, 187–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Sihamed, O.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1980) Effects of defoliation, gibberellic acid and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on growth and composition of Thompson Seedless grape berries. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 31, 149–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, V.L. (1966) The total phenolic content of grape berries during the maturation of several varieties. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 25, 107–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, V.L. (1980) Grape and wine phenolics: background and prospects. Cent. Davis Univ. Proc., pp. 215–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, V.L., Draper, D.E. and Rossi, J.A. (1966) Paper chromatography of phenolic compounds from grapes, particularly seeds and some variety ripeness relationships. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 17, 206–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singleton, V.L. and Esau, P. (1969) Phenolic substances in grapes and wine and their significance. Advances in Food Research, 1, 1–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spettoli, P., Bottacin, A. and Zamorani, A. (1980) Purificazione per chromatografia de affinita dell’ enzima malico estratto da uva. Vitis, 19, 4–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staudt, G., Schneider, A. and Leidel, J. (1986) Phases of berry growth in Vitis vinifera. Annals of Botany, 58, 789–800

    Google Scholar 

  • Steffan, H., Rapp, A., Ullemeyer, H. and Kupper, G. (1975) Uder den reifeabhangigen saure- zucker- stoffwechsel bei beeren von Vitis-vinifera — sorten, untersucht mit 14C-verbindungen. Vitis, 14, 181–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, C.R., Wilson, B., Gooley, P.R. and Williams, P.J. (1986) The role of monoterpenes in grape and wine flavor — a review. In Biogeneration of Aroma Compounds (eds T.H. Parliment and R.B. Crotean), ASC Symposium Series 317, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 222–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, C.T. and Singleton, V.L. (1969) Identification of three flavan-3-ols from grapes. Phytochemistry, 8, 1553–1558

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swift, J.S., Buttrose, M.S. and Possingham, J.C. (1973) Stomata and starch in grape berries. Vitis, 12, 38–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Szyjewicz, E., Rosner, N. and Kliewer, W.M. (1984) Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, Ethrel, CEPA) in viticulture — a review. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 35, 117–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tesniere, C. and Robin, J.R. (1992) Two-dimensional electrophoresis of total polypeptides in ripe red grape berries. Electrophoresis, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesniere, C. and Vayda, M.E. (1991) Method for the isolation of high-quality RNA from grape berry tissues without contaminating tannins or carbohydrates. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 9, 242–251

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomana, I., Utsunomiya, N. and Kataoka, I. (1979) The effect of environmental temperatures on fruit ripening on the tree. II. The effect of temperatures around whole vines and clusters on coloration of Kyoto grapes. Journal of Korean Society of Horticultural Science, 48, 261–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrina, S.S. (1977) Properties of grape polygalacturonase. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 13, 142–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Valero, E., Ferrez, A.S., Varon, R. and Carmona, F.G. (1989) Evolution of polyphenol oxidase activity and phenolic content during maturation and vinification. Vitis, 28, 85–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Wyk, C.J., Webb, A.D. and Kepner, R.E. (1967) Some volatile compounds of Vitis vinifera, variety White Riesling. 1. Grape juice. Journal of Food Science, 32, 660–664

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, G. and Loewus, F. (1974) L-Ascorbic acid metabolism in Vitaceae, Plant Physiology, 54, 784–787

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, G., Yang, J.C. and Loewus, F.A. (1975) Stereoisomeric characterization of tartaric acid produced during L-ascorbic acid metabolism in plants. Plant Physiology, 55, 1071–1073

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J. (1953) Further studies on the effects of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on development of Thompson Seedless and Black Corinth grapes. Proceedings of American Society of Horticultural Science, 61, 135–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J. (1965) Induction of fruit set in Vitis vinifera L. by a kinin. Nature (London), 206, 952–953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J., Leonard, O.A. and McCune, S.B. (1961) Response of clusters of Vitis vinifera grapes to 2, 4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid and related compounds. Hilgardia, 31, 113–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J. and Pool, R.M. (1965) Relation of seededness and ringing to gibberellin-like activity in berries of Vitis vinifera. Plant Physiology, 40, 770–776

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J. and Singh, I.S. (1978) Occurence of endogenous ethylene and effect of plant regulators on ethylene production in the grapevine. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 29, 282–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J. and van Overbeek, J. (1963) Kinins stimulate grape growth. Californian Agriculture, 17, 12

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R.J., van Overbeek, J. and Pool, R.M. (1968) Effect of kinins on fruit set and development in Vitis vinifera. Hilgardia, 37, 181–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Webb, A.D. (1970) Anthocyanin pigments in grapes and wines. Suomen kemistilehti, A43, 67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Wermelinger, B. and Koblet, W. (1990) Seasonal variation and nitrogen distribution in grapevine leaves, shoots and grapes. Vitis, 29, 15–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Wicks, A.S. and Kliewer, W.M. (1983) Further investigations into relationships between anthocyanins, phenolics and soluble carbohydrates in grape berry skins. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 34, 114–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. and Loewus, F.A. (1978) Biosynthesis of (+)tartaric acid from L-4-14C ascorbic acid in grape and geranium. Plant Physiology, 61, 672–674

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G., Saito, K. and Loewus, F.A. (1979) Ascorbic acid metabolism in geranium and grape. Phytochemistry, 18, 953–956

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.J., Strauss, C.R., Wilson, B. and Massy-Westropp, R.A. (1982a) Novel monoterpene disaccharide glycosides of Vitis vinifera grapes and wines. Phytochemistry, 21, 2013–2020

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P.J., Strauss, C.R., Wilson, B. and Massy-Westropp, R.A. (1982b) Studies on the hydrolysis of Vitis vinifera monoterpene precursor compounds and model monoterpene β-D-glucosides rationalizing the monoterpene composition of grapes. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 10, 1219–1223

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, B., Strauss, C.R. and Williams, P.J. (1984) Changes in free and glycosidally bound monoterpenes in developing Muscat grapes. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 32, 919–924

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, A., Cook, J., Lider, J.A. and Kliewer, W.M. (1974) General Viticulture. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Wisseman, K.W. and Lee, C.Y. (1980) Polyphenol oxidase activity during grape maturation and wine production. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 31, 206–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokotsuka, K., Ito, K., Nozaki, K. and Kushida, T. (1982) Koshu grape pectins: Isolation, chemical composition and precipitation. Journal of Institute of Enology and Viticulture, Yamanashi Univ., 17, 59–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yokotsuka, K., Makino, S. and Singleton, V.L. (1988) Polyphenol oxidase from grapes: precipitation re-solubilization and characterization. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 39, 293–302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zindler-Frank, E. (1974) Die differezierung von kristallidioblasten im Dunkeln und bei Hemmung der glykolsaureoxidase. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 73, 313–325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kanellis, A.K., Roubelakis - Angelakis, K.A. (1993). Grape. In: Seymour, G.B., Taylor, J.E., Tucker, G.A. (eds) Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1584-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1584-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4689-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1584-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics