Skip to main content

Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally?

  • Chapter
Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy

Part of the book series: Culture, Illness, and Healing ((CIHE,volume 4))

Abstract

Our concern in this essay is with other people’s conceptions of the person and ideas about the self. Our aim is to interpret a widespread mode of social thought often referred to as concrete, undifferentiated, context-specific, or occasion- bound thinking, a mode of social thought culminating in the view that specific situations determine the moral character of a particular action, that the individual person per se is neither an object of importance nor inherently worthy of respect, that the individual as moral agent ought not be distinguished from the social status s(he) occupies; a view that, indeed, the individual as an abstract ethical and normative category is not to be acknowledged.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Austin, J. L.: 1962 How To Do Things With Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict, R.: 1946 The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. New York: New American Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, B. and P. Kay: 1969 Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostwick, G. L.: 1976 A Taxonomy of Privacy: Repose, Sanctuary, and Intimate Decision. California Law Review 64: 1447–1483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S., R. R. Olver, and P. M. Greenfield: 1966 Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, M. L.: 1968 Multidimensional Scaling of Role Terms. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collingwood, R. G.: 1972 An Essay on Metaphysics. Chicago: Henry Ragnery Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conklin, H.: 1955 Hanunoo Color Categories. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11: 339–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dandrade, R. G.: 1965 Trait Psychology and Componential Analysis. American Anthropologist 67: 215–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dandrade, R. G.: 1973 Cultural Constructions of Reality. In Cultural Illness and Health. L. Nader and T. W. Maretzki (eds.). Washington: American Anthropological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dandrade, R. G.: 1974 Memory and the Assessment of Behavior. In Measurement in the Social Sciences. T. Blalock (ed.). Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dürkheim, E. and M. Mauss: 1963 Primitive Classification. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, L.: 1960 World Renunciation in Indian Religions. Contributions to Indian Sociology 4: 3–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, L.: 1970 Homo Hierarchicus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evansritchard, E. E.: 1937 Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P.: 1975 Against Method. Atlantic Highlands. NJ: Humanities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Findley, J. D.: 1979 Comparisons of Frogs, Humans and Chimpanzees. Science 204: 434–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, S. T. and M. G. Cox: Describing Others: Theres More to Person Perception Than Trait Lists. Unpub-lished manuscript, Department of Psychology and Social Relations, Harvard University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortes, M.: 1959 Oedipus and Job in West African Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frake, C. O.: 1962 The Ethnographic Study of Cognitive Systems. In Anthropology and Human Behavior. T. Gladwin and W. C. Sturtevant (eds.). Washington: Anthropological Society of Washington.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M. and R. Friedman: 1980 Free To Choose. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C.: 1973 Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, C.: 1975 On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding. American Scientist 63: 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerety, T.Z: 1977 Redefining Privacy. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review 12:233– 296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glick, J.: 1968 Cognitive Style Among the Kpelle. Symposium on Cross-Cultural Cognitive Studies. Unpublished manuscript, American Education Research Association, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goffman, E.: 1971 Relations in Public. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1968 Languages of Art. New York: Bobbs-Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, N.: 1972 Seven Strictures on Similarity. In Problems and Projects. N. Goodman (ed.). New York: Bobbs-Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goody, J.: 1977 The Domestication of the Savage Mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfield, P. M.: 1972 Oral or Written Language: The Consequence for Cognitive Development in Africa, the United States, and England. Language and Speech 15: 169–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, H. L. A.: 1961 The Concept of Law. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartshorne, H. and M. A. May: 1928 Studies in the Nature of Character, Volume 1. Studies in Deceit. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hempel, C. G.: 1965 Science and Human Values. In Aspects of Scientific Explanation. C. G. Hempel (ed.). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, R.: 1967 African Traditional Thought and Western Science, Part 2. Africa 37: 159–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, R.: 1968 Neo-Tylorianism: Sound Sense or Sinister Prejudice? Man 3: 625–634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jespersen, O.: 1934 Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, S.: 1978 The Inner World: A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L.: 1969 Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Socialization. In Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research. D. A. Goslin (ed.). New York: Rand McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohlberg, L.: 1971 From Is To Ought: How To Commit The Naturalistic Fallacy And Get Away With It In The Study of Moral Development. In Cognitive Development and Epistemology. T. Mischel (ed.). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroeber, A. L.: 1909 Classificatory Systems of Relationship. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 39: 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruskal, J. B. and R. Ling: 1967 How To Use The Yale Version of MDSCALE, A Multidimensional Scaling Pro-gram. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson: 1980 Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, T. and H. S. Coffey: 1955 Interpersonal Diagnosis: Some Problems of Methodology and Validation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 50: 110–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, R. A.: 1976 Patterns of Personality in Africa. In Responses to Change. G. A. DeVos (ed.). New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C.: 1963 Structural Anthropology. New York: Doubleday.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C.: 1966 The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C.: 1969a The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lévi-Strauss, C.: 1969b The Raw and the Cooked. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, R. I.: 1973 Tahitians: Mind and Experience in the Society Islands. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorr, M. and D. M. McNair: 1963 An Interpersonal Behavior Circle. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 2: 823–830.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorr, M. and D. M. McNair: 1965 Expansion of the Interpersonal Behavior Circle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2: 823–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A.: 1976 Cognitive Development: Its Cultural and Social Foundations. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marriott, M.: 1976 Hindu Transactions: Diversity Without Dualism. In Transactions and Meaning. B. Kapferer (ed.) Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mischel, W.: 1968 Personality and Assessment. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, L. H.: 1871 Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family. Smithsonian Con-tributions to Knowledge, No. 218. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerlove, S. and A. K. Romney: 1967 Sibling Terminology and Cross-Sex Behavior. American Anthropologist 69: 179–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • New comb, T. M.: 1929 The Consistency of Certain Extrovert-Introvert Behavior Patterns in 51 Problem Boys. Contributions to Education 382. Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nisbett, R. E.: 1980 The Trait Concept in Lay and Professional Psychology. In Forty Years of Social Psychology. L. Festinger (ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. E.: 1964 Semantic Differential Technique in the Comparative Study of Cultures. American Anthropologist 66: 171–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pareto, V.: 1935 The Mind and Society. New York: Harcourt Brace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepper, S. C.: 1972 World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perelman, C.: 1963 Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument. Atlantic Highlands, Humanities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. C.: 1976 Holistic Thought in Social Science. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J.: 1966 Need and Significance of Cross-Cultural Studies in Genetic Psychology. International Journal of Psychology 1: 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Praharaj, G. C.: 1931- Purnnachandra Ordia Bhashokosha (A Lexicon of the Orya Language), Vol. 1940 1-7. Cuttack: Utkal Sahitya Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Price-Williams, D. R.: 1975 Explorations in Cross-Cultural Psychology. San Francisco: Chandler and Sharp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, K. E.: 1955 Morality and the Concept of the Person Among the Gahuku-Gama. Oceania 25: 233–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty, R.: 1979 Philosophy and the Minor of Nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapir, E.: 1929 The Status of Linguistics as a Science. Language 5: 207–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J. R.: 1979 A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts. In Expression and Meaning. J. R. Searle (ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selby, H. A.: 1974 Zapotec Deviance. Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selby, H. A.: 1975 Semantics and Causality in the Study of Deviance. In Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use. M. Sanches and B. G. Blount (eds.). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, R.: 1962a The Analysis of Proximities: Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance Function I. Psychometrics 27: 125–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, R.: 1962b The Analysis of Proximities: Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance Function II. Psychometrics 27: 219–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, R.: 1963 Analysis of Proximities as a Technique for the Study of Information Processing in Man. Human Factors 5: 33–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1972 Semantic Structures and Personality Assessment. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Cambridge: Harvard University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Order 72–79, 584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1975 How Relevant is an Individual Difference Theory of Personality? Journal of Personality 43: 455–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1977a Likeness and Likelihood in Everyday Thought: Magical Thinking in Judgments About Personality. Current Anthropology 18:637–658. Reprinted in Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science. P. N. Johnson-Laird and P. C. Wason (eds.). Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press. (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1977b Illusory Correlation and the MMPI Controversy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 45: 917–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1979a Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory Part I: A Critical Examination of Two Classical Postulates. Ethos 7: 255–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1979b Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory Part II: A Critical Examination of Two More Classical Postulates. Ethos 7: 279–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1980a Factors and Fictions in Person Perception: A Reply To Lamiell, Foss and Cavenee. Journal of Personality 48: 74–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A.: 1980b Rethinking Culture and Personality Theory Part III: From Genesis and Typology to Hermeneutics and Dynamics. Ethos 8: 60–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A. and R. G. Andrade: 1979 Accurate Reflection or Systematic Distortion? A Reply to Block, Weiss and Thorne. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37: 1075–1084.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shweder, R. A. and R. G. Andrade: 1980 The Systematic Distortion Hypothesis. In Fallible Judgment in Behavioral Research: New Directions for Methodology of Social and Behavioral Science, No. 4. R. A. Shweder (ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmel, A.: 1968 Privacy. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences 12: 480–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H.: 1961 Accents of the Worlds philosophies. Publications in the Humanities No. 50. Department of Humanities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. W.: 1952 Different Cultural Concepts of Past, Present and Future. Psychiatry 15:395– 400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Super, C. M., S. Harkness, and L. M. Baldwin: 1977 Category Behavior in Natural Ecologies and in Cognitive Tests. The Quarterly Newsletter of the Institute for Comparative Human Development 1(4). Rockefeller University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trilling, L.: 1972 Sincerity and Authenticity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wason, P. C. and P. W. Johnson-Laird: 1972 The Psychology of Reasoning. London: Batsford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, H. and B. Kaplan: 1956 The Developmental Approach to Cognition: Its Relevance to the Psychological Interpretation of Anthropological and Ethnolinguistic Data. American Anthropo-logist 58: 866–880.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, G. M.: 1980 Conceptual Universals in Interpersonal Language. American Anthropologist 82: 759–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L.: 1968 Philosophical Investigations. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 D. Reidel Publishing Company

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shweder, R.A., Bourne, E.J. (1982). Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally?. In: Marsella, A.J., White, G.M. (eds) Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy. Culture, Illness, and Healing, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9220-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9220-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-277-1757-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9220-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics