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Phoneutria nigriventer Venom and Toxins: A Review

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Spider Venoms

Part of the book series: Toxinology ((TOXI))

Abstract

The venom of Phoneutria nigriventer spider has been extensively studied. It is highly neurotoxic, with clinical manifestations occurring a few minutes after the bite, mainly in children. Among the intoxication signs that may lead to neurogenic shock are agitation, somnolence, sweating, nausea, profuse vomiting, lacrimation, excessive salivation, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, tremors, muscle spasms, and priapism. Many toxins from this venom have been purified and characterized for their structure and/or function. The most studied Phoneutria nigriventer toxins are PnTx1, PnTx2-5, and PnTx2-6, which show complex effects on sodium channel kinetics. PnTx2-5 and PnTx2-6 are both described as responsible for priapism; PnTx4(6-1) and PnTx4(5-5) show insecticidal activities and act on insect sodium channels; PnTkPs are muscle-active peptides; and nigriventrine is a piperidine derivative that has neuroactive properties and causes convulsive spells. PnTx3-3 and PnTx3-4 toxins were demonstrated to be effective on preventing cell death after ischemia injury. On the other hand, PnTx3-6 was shown to be efficient in the treatment of persistent pathological pain. The present chapter compiles biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological studies of fractions and purified toxins from Phoneutria nigriventer venom, showing their great potential as new tools for pharmacological studies and drug development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Carolina Nunes da Silva

  2. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Suely Gomes Figueiredo

  3. Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Prof.Carlos Diniz, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, 30.550-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Marcelo Ribeiro Vasconcelos Diniz & Marta Nascimento do Cordeiro

  4. Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 8th floor Wimr II room 8568, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Kenia Pedrosa Nunes

  5. Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska Street 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland

    Maria Stankiewicz

  6. Laboratório de Membranas Excitáveis, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Paulo Sérgio Lacerda Beirão

  7. Research and Development Division, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Alessandra Matavel

  8. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Flávia De Marco Almeida

  9. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Maria Elena de Lima

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  1. Maria Elena de Lima
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Correspondence to Maria Elena de Lima .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    P. Gopalakrishnakone

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, The Biotechnology Institute National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Gerardo A. Corzo

  3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Maria Elena de Lima

  4. Veerle, Belgium

    Elia Diego-García

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de Lima, M.E. et al. (2016). Phoneutria nigriventer Venom and Toxins: A Review. In: Gopalakrishnakone, P., Corzo, G., de Lima, M., Diego-García, E. (eds) Spider Venoms. Toxinology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6389-0_6

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