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Iron Transport Systems and Iron Homeostasis in Pseudomonas

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Iron Uptake in Bacteria with Emphasis on E. coli and Pseudomonas

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science ((SB BIOMETALS))

Abstract

During the last few years the knowledge about iron uptake and homeostasis in Pseudomonas has increased enormously. These very versatile bacteria can adapt to widely different ecological niches. It is therefore not surprising that Pseudomonas has a remarkable ability to take up iron and balance iron levels in the cell. The fluorescent pseudomonads, the best known species being P. aeruginosa, P. putida, P. syringae, and P. fluorescens, all produce a fluorescent pigment called pyoverdine, which serves as the major siderophore to capture iron (III). Pyoverdines are complex peptidic structures and each species produces its own pyoverdine siderophore and the corresponding receptor at the level of the outer membrane, meaning that both receptors and pyoverdines co-evolved. A peculiarity of the pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake is the release of iron since it takes place in the periplasm. Many pseudomonads produce a second siderophore of lesser affinity as well, such as pyochelin, enantio-pyochelin, pseudomonin, yersiniabactin, thioquinolobactin, achromobactin, and PDTC, which have other functions next to their role in iron uptake, such as antimicrobial and catalytic activity. A remarkable characteristic of fluorescent pseudomonads is their capacity to scavenge siderophores produced by other microorganisms (xenosiderophores) via a plethora of different outer membrane receptors. Heme is another source of iron that can be used by pseudomonads, animal pathogens such as P. aeruginosa and P. entomophila, having three different heme uptake systems. Finally, some pseudomonads have the capacity to take up iron (II). The regulation of iron homeostasis in fluorescent pseudomonads is quite elaborate and multi-layered, involving the master regulator Fur and secondary regulators, including sigma factors, two-component systems regulators, and small RNAs. Finally, we will present evidence that there is cross-talk between the quorum sensing regulon and iron homeostasis as well as between the response to oxidative stress and the control of iron uptake.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group Microbiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and VIB Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Pierre Cornelis

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  1. Pierre Cornelis
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Correspondence to Pierre Cornelis .

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  1. College of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, 70286, USA

    Ranjan Chakraborty

  2. Max-Planck-Institute for Develop.Biology, Spemannstrasse 33, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

    Volkmar Braun

  3. , IMIT, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen, 72076, Germany

    Klaus Hantke

  4. Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium

    Pierre Cornelis

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Cornelis, P. (2013). Iron Transport Systems and Iron Homeostasis in Pseudomonas . In: Chakraborty, R., Braun, V., Hantke, K., Cornelis, P. (eds) Iron Uptake in Bacteria with Emphasis on E. coli and Pseudomonas. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6088-2_3

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