Abstract
Parts of the police culture may need to evolve in order to establish a more inclusive internal climate. Yet before seeking to influence a culture shift police leaders first need to understand it. This chapter provides an overview of the common descriptions of the police culture, how the culture might have changed over time and how new recruits are socialized. This chapter also highlights the types of cultures that tend to be found within policing as well as the different cultures that might emerge from one police organization to another. Excerpts from interviews with current and former serving police officers are also included to illustrate their experiences as they relate to key points discussed throughout this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Addis ME, Cohane GH (2005) Social scientific paradigms of masculinity and their implications for research and practice in men’s mental health. J Clin Psychol 61(6):633–647
Albuquerque CL, Paes-Machado E (2004) The hazing machine: the shaping of Brazilian military recruits. Policing Soc 14(2):175–192
Braswell M, McCarthy B, McCarthy M (2003) Justice, crime and ethics. Anderson Publishing, Cincinnati
Brough P, Brown J, Biggs A (2016) Improving criminal justice workplaces: translating theory and research into evidence-based practice. Routledge, Oxon
Brown J (2007) From cult of masculinity to smart macho: gender perspectives on police occupational culture. In: O’Neil M, Marks M, Singh AM (eds) Police occupational culture: new debates and directions. Elsevier, Oxford
Brown MK (1988) Working the street: police discretion and the dilemmas of reform, 2nd edn. Russell Sage Foundation, New York
Bryant C (1979) Khaki-collar crime. Free Press, New York
Carpenter BN, Raza SM (1987) Personality characteristics of police applicants: comparisons across subgroups and with other populations. J Police Sci Adm 15(1):10–17
Chan J (2007) Chapter 5 Police stress and occupational culture Sociology Of Crime. Law Deviance 8:129–151
Chan J (1997) Changing police culture: policing in a multicultural society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Chappell A, Lanza-Kaduce L (2010) Police academy socialisation: Understanding the lessons learned in a paramilitary organisation. J Contemp Ethnography 39(2):187–214
Conti N (2010) Weak links and warrior hearts: a framework for judging self and others in police training. Police Pract Res 12(5):410–423
Crank JP (2004) Understanding police culture, 2nd edn. Anderson, Cincinnati
Crank JP (1998) Understanding police culture. Anderson Publishing, Cincinnati
Crank J, Caldero M (2010) Police ethics: the corruption of noble cause. Mathew Bendre and Company, New Providence
Ellwanger S (2012) How police officers learn ethics. In: Braswell M, McCarthy B, McCarthy B (eds) Justice, crime and ethics, 7th edn. Elsevier, Burlington, pp 45–71
Ely R, Meyerson D (2010) An organizational approach to undoing gender: the unlikely case of offshore oil platforms. Res Organ Behav 30(C):3–34
Farkas M, Manning PK (1997) The occupational culture of corrections and police officers. J Crime Justice 20(2):51–68
Fielding N (1989) Police culture and police practice. In: Weatheritt M (ed) Police research: some future prospects. Avebury, Aldershot, UK, pp 77–87
Gaines LK, Kappeler VE, Vaughn JB (1997) Policing in America. Anderson Publishing
Gilmartin K (2002) Emotional survival for law enforcement: a guide for officers and their families. E-S Press, Tucson
Greene J (2000) Community policing in America: changing the nature, structure, and function of the police. In: Horney J (ed) Criminal justice 2000: policies, processes, and decisions of the criminal justice system, vol 3. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, pp 299–370
Hatch MJ, Schultz M (eds) (2004) Organizational identity. Oxford University Press
Hewlett S, Luce C (2005) Off-ramps and on-ramps: keeping talented women on the road to success. Harvard Bus Rev 83(3):43–52
Kelling G, Moore M (1988) The evolving strategy of policing. Perspectives on Policing. National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, and the Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Kingshott BF, Bailey K, Wolfe SE (2004) Police culture, ethics and entitlement theory. Crim Justice Stud Crit J Crime Law Soc 17(2):187–202
Kunda G (1992) Engineering culture: control and commitment in a high-tech corporation. Temple University Press
Langton NA, Robbins SP, Judge TA (2016) Organizational behavior: concepts, controversies, applications, 6th edn. Pearson Education Canada
Lindorff D (1999) Police culture. Nation 268(20):20
Loftus B (2010) Police occupational culture: classic themes, altered times. Policing Soc Int J Res Policy 20(1):1–20
Lundman R (1980) Police and policing: an introduction. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York
Maguire S, Dyke L (2012) CACP professionalism in policing research project, Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police
Manning PK (1989) The police occupational culture in Anglo-American Societies. In: Hoover I, Dowling J (eds) Encyclopedia of police science. Garland, New York
Manning PK (1997) Police work: the social organization of policing, 2nd edn. Waveland Press Inc, Illinois
Manning P (1995) The police occupational culture in Anglo-American societies. In: Bailey W (ed) The encyclopedia of police science. Garland Publishing, New York, pp 472–475
Manning PK (1977) Police work: the social organization of policing. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge
Marchand A, Haines VY, Dextras-Gauthier J (2013) Quantitative analysis of organizational culture in occupational health research: a theory-based validation in 30 workplaces of the organizational culture profile instrument. BMC Public Health 13:443–454
Newburn Tim (2012) Police and crime commissioners: the Americanization of policing or a very British reform? Int J Law Crime Justice 40(1):31–46
Niederhoffer A (1967) Behind the shield: the police in urban society. Doubleday and Co., Inc., Garden City, New York
Nolan T (2009) Behind the blue wall of silence: essay. Men Masculinities 12(2):250–257
Paoline E (2001) Rethinking police culture: Officers’ occupational attitudes, Criminal Justice Recent Scholarship. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC, New York
Paoline E (2003) Taking stock: toward a richer understanding of police culture. J Crim Justice 32(3):199–214
Paoline E (2004) Shedding light on police culture: an examination of officers’ occupational attitudes. Police Q 7:205–236
Pasciak A, Kelley T (2013) Conformity to traditional gender norms by male police exposed to trauma: implications for critical stress debriefing. Appl Psychol Crim Justice 9(2):137–156
Prenzler T, Fleming J, King A (2010) Gender equity in Australian and New Zealand policing: a five-year review. Int J Police Sci Manag 12(4):584–595
Prenzler T (1997) Is there a police culture? Aust J Public Adm 56(4):47–46. Accessed 29 Aug 2015
Prokos A, Padavic I (2002) There oughtta be a law against bitches: masculinity lessons in police academy training. Gender Work Organ 9(4):439–459
Reiner R (2010) The politics of the police, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Reiner R (2000) The politics of the police, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Reiser M, Geiger SP (1984) Police officer as victim. Prof Psychol Res Pract 15:315–323
Reuss-Ianni E (1993) Two cultures of policing: street cops and management cops. Transaction, Piscataway, NJ
Sayles SL, Albritton JS (1999) Is there a distinct subculture in American policing? In: Sewell JD (ed) Controversial issues in policing. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, pp 154–171
Schein E (2010) Organizational culture and leadership, 4th edn. Jossey-Bass
Sklansky DA (2007) Seeing blue: police reform, occupational culture and cognitive burn-in. In: O’Neill M, Singh AM, Marks M (eds) Police occupational culture: new debates and directions. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 19–47
Skogan WG (2008) Why reforms fail. Policing Soc 18(1):23–34
Skogan WG, Hartnett SM (1997) Community policing. Oxford University Press, New York, Chicago style
Skolnick J, Fyfe JJ (1993) Above the law: police and the excessive use of force, 3rd edn. The Free Press, New York
Skolnick JH (1994) Justice without trial: law enforcement in democratic society, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York
Skolnick JH (1966) Justice without trial: law enforcement in democratic society. Macmillan, New York
Terpstra J, Schaap D (2013) Police culture, stress conditions and working styles. Eur J Criminol 10(1):59–73
Twersky-Glasner A (2005) Police personality: what is it and why are they like that? J Police Crim Psychol 20(1):56–67
US DOJ (2015) Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department. United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press-releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf
Van Maanen J, Barley SR (1984) Occupational communities: culture and control in organizations. In: Staw BM, Cummings CC (eds) Research in organizational behavior, vol 6. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp 287–365
Van Maanen J, Schein EH (1977) Career development. In: Hackman JR, Suttle JL (eds) Improving life at work. Goodyear, Santa Monica, California, pp 30–95
Van Maanen J (1976) Breaking-in: socialization to work. In: Dubin R (ed) Handbook of work, organization, and society. Rand-McNally, Chicago, pp 67–130
Van Maanen J (1974) Working the street: a developmental view of police behavior. In: Jacob H (ed) The potential for reform of criminal justice. Sage, Beverly Hills, pp 83–130
Van Maanen J (1973) Observations on the making of policemen. Hum Organ 32:407–418
Volti R (2008) An introduction to the sociology of work and occupations. Pine Force Press, Los Angeles
Waddington PAJ (1999) Police (canteen) sub-culture: an appreciation. Br J Criminol 39(2):287–309
Walker S (2005) The new world of police accountability. Sage Publications Inc.
Walker S (1977) A critical history of police reform: the emergence of professionalism. Lexington Books, Lexington
Wastell CA (2002) Exposure to trauma: the long-term effects of suppressing emotional reactions. J Nerv Ment Dis 190(12):839–845
Westley W (1970) Violence and the police: a sociological study of law, custom and morality. MIT Press, Cambridge
Wilson JQ (1968) Varieties of police behavior: the management of law and order in eight communities. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Workman-Stark, A.L. (2017). Understanding Police Culture. In: Inclusive Policing from the Inside Out. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53309-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53309-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-53308-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-53309-4
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)