Abstract
This chapter examines the countries of the region, exploring the different patterns of democratic backsliding. It traces democratic decline in the region country by country, identifying key patterns and moments over the past decade years.
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Notes
- 1.
Fatigue Project at School for Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ssees/about-fatigue.
- 2.
Section adopted from Bieber 2018.
- 3.
Interview with anonymous EU official, 2017. The European Parliament in its resolution on the report mentioned the incident and called for ‘swift resolution and for full cooperation with the judicial authorities in the investigations to bring perpetrators to justice… ; calls on the authorities to refrain from accusations, pressure and attacks directed at members of the “Let’s not drown Belgrade” civil movement.’ European Parliament resolution of 14 June 2017 on the 2016 Commission Report on Serbia (2016/2311(INI)), 14 June 2017. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2017-0261&language=EN.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.
Some of the first ‘bombs’ are available in English at https://interactive.aljazeera.com/ajb/2015/makedonija-bombe/eng/index.html.
- 7.
In 2006, an estimate put Serbs at 111,300, 5.3%. Statistical Office of Kosovo 2008.
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Bieber, F. (2020). Patterns of Authoritarianism. In: The Rise of Authoritarianism in the Western Balkans. New Perspectives on South-East Europe. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22149-2_3
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