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Nanobiotechnology in Bioformulations pp 395–418Cite as

Applications of Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment

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Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

Abstract

High-quality water is the most sought-after resource for human survival. Various natural and anthropogenic activities have contributed to groundwater pollution and have affected the quality of drinking water in the past few decades. Release of toxic effluents from the industrial sector is a major source of groundwater pollution. Different conventional methods used for purification of water involve use of adsorbents, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and electrostatic precipitation, with the disadvantages of high cost, poor recyclability, and low efficiency. Despite progress made in the development of sustainable technologies, their use has been limited, largely because of the limitations of the materials’ properties, including their costs. Use of nanoparticles would help to solve this problem and would address the consequences of the presence of pesticides and heavy metals in water. Nanoparticles possess useful characteristics such as a direct bandgap, a high optical absorption coefficient, a layered structure, tunable band edges for optimized catalysis, low cost, and low toxicity. This review addresses different properties of nanoparticles contributing to water treatment and nanoadsorbents used for removal of numerous pollutants in groundwater purification.

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Author notes

  1. Simranjeet Singh and Vijay Kumar contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh, Kankan Sharma & Joginder Singh

  2. Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh

  3. Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Simranjeet Singh

  4. Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Vijay Kumar

  5. Technological Development Unit (UDT), Universidad de Concepcion, Coronel, Chile

    Romina Romero

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  1. Simranjeet Singh
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  2. Vijay Kumar
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  3. Romina Romero
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  4. Kankan Sharma
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  5. Joginder Singh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joginder Singh .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Ram Prasad

  2. Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Vivek Kumar

  3. Department of Life Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Manoj Kumar

  4. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Devendra Choudhary

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Singh, S., Kumar, V., Romero, R., Sharma, K., Singh, J. (2019). Applications of Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment. In: Prasad, R., Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Choudhary, D. (eds) Nanobiotechnology in Bioformulations. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17061-5_17

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