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Building Babies pp 187–207Cite as

Lactational Programming of Infant Behavioral Phenotype

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Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR,volume 37))

Abstract

The goal of the present chapter is to familiarize the reader with the limited body of knowledge on mother’s milk and infant behavior and thereby motivate future investigations on the complex inter-relationships among early nutrition, neurodevelopment, and behavioral phenotype. After briefly summarizing what is known about mother’s milk and infant growth, I will provide a conceptual framework for “behavioral phenotype” and discuss attributes of mother’s milk that have been associated with infant behavioral phenotype. To date, this has only been directly studied in rodents and rhesus macaques, and glucocorticoids in milk have received the greatest research effort. I will then explore the potential proximate mechanisms by which cortisol and other milk attributes mediate metabolic and neurobiological development and thereby influence infant behavior.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Energy balance reflects the ratio of energy intake vs. energy expenditure. When these are equal, an individual is in neutral energy balance and is neither gaining nor losing body mass. Negative energy balance is when an individual’s energy expenditure exceeds energy intake, requiring the mobilization of body reserves for somatic maintenance and body mass decreases. Positive energy balance occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure and individuals are gaining mass.

  2. 2.

    When describing published studies in detail, I will use the same terms used by the investigators conducting the research. Elsewhere I will primarily use “behavioral phenotype,” the most inclusive term for individual behavior.

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Acknowledgments

I thank Alicia Beakey, Katharine Campi, John Capitanio, Kate Clancy, Nicole Maninger, Stephanie Meredith, Todd Mitchell, Justin Moscarello, Julienne Rutherford, Joan Silk, Tamara Weinstein, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on earlier versions of this chapter. I particularly thank Danielle Lemay for generously allowing me to use her “magic potion” metaphor at the outset of this chapter and Grant Lampard for his photo of an infant rhesus macaque.

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  1. Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Katie Hinde

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Correspondence to Katie Hinde .

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  1. , Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, 109 Davenport Hall, M/C 148, Urbana, 61801, Illinois, USA

    Kathryn B.H. Clancy

  2. , Department of HUman Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA

    Katie Hinde

  3. , Comparative Primate Biology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, Illinois, USA

    Julienne N. Rutherford

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Hinde, K. (2013). Lactational Programming of Infant Behavioral Phenotype. In: Clancy, K., Hinde, K., Rutherford, J. (eds) Building Babies. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects, vol 37. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4060-4_9

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