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The Role of the Classical Complement Cascade in Synapse Loss During Development and Glaucoma

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Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 703))

Abstract

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, yet the signals that initiate the progressive degeneration of optic nerve axons and the selective loss of retinal ganglion neurons (RGCs) remain elusive. Reactive gliosis, release of inflammatory cytokines, and complement upregulation all occur in the early stages of glaucoma in several disease models. Recent work has implicated the classical complement cascade in the elimination of excess synaptic connections in the developing visual system and in early synapse loss associated with glaucoma, suggesting that mechanisms of developmental synapse elimination may be aberrantly re-activated in glaucoma. This review describes current evidence in support of this “synaptic” hypothesis and places complement in the context of other well-described mechanisms of neurodegeneration occurring in the glaucomatous eye.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dorothy Schafer and Kenneth Colodner for helpful discussion and comments on the manuscript and funding from the Smith Family Foundation (B.S.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Beth Stevens

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  1. Allison M. Rosen
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Correspondence to Beth Stevens .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department Of Pathology Laboratory Of, Medicine, University Of Pennsylvania, Johnson Pavilion 410, Philadelphia, 19104, USA

    John D. Lambris

  2. , Department of Ophthalmology and Visual S, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 62269-3745, USA

    Anthony P. Adamis

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Rosen, A.M., Stevens, B. (2010). The Role of the Classical Complement Cascade in Synapse Loss During Development and Glaucoma. In: Lambris, J., Adamis, A. (eds) Inflammation and Retinal Disease: Complement Biology and Pathology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 703. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5635-4_6

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