Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairment and distress throughout the lifespan. Recent investigations have shed light on different aspects regarding the trajectory of ADHD, including reports on risk factors in childhood, that are associated with remission or persistence in adulthood. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder, the diagnosis of ADHD remains strictly clinical and is based on behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. In this chapter we review the diagnostic process of ADHD, discuss the clinical presentation of the disorder across the lifespan, and examine patterns of comorbidity and longitudinal predictor of outcomes.
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Abbreviations
- ADHD:
-
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ASD:
-
Autism spectrum disorder
- CD:
-
Conduct disorder
- DSM-5:
-
Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders (fifth edition)
- EEG:
-
Electroencephalogram (electroencephalography)
- ICD-11:
-
International classification of diseases (11th revision)
- IQ:
-
Intelligence quotient
- MRI:
-
Magnetic resonance imaging
- MTA:
-
Multimodal treatment of ADHD
- ODD:
-
Oppositional defiant disorder
- PATS:
-
Preschoolers with attention-deficit hyperactivity treatment study
- PET:
-
Positron emission tomography
- SPECT:
-
Single photon emission computerized tomography
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Leffa, D.T., Caye, A., Rohde, L.A. (2022). ADHD in Children and Adults: Diagnosis and Prognosis. In: Stanford, S.C., Sciberras, E. (eds) New Discoveries in the Behavioral Neuroscience of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2022_329
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