Elsevier

Genomics

Volume 79, Issue 3, March 2002, Pages 285-296
Genomics

Regular Article
An Anthropoid-Specific Locus of Orphan C to U RNA-Editing Enzymes on Chromosome 22

https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2002.6718Get rights and content

Abstract

The cytidine (C) to uridine (U) editing of apolipoprotein (apo) B mRNA is mediated by tissue-specific, RNA-binding cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. APOBEC1 is structurally homologous to Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase (ECCDA), but has evolved specific features required for RNA substrate binding and editing. A signature sequence for APOBEC1 has been used to identify other members of this family. One of these genes, designated APOBEC2, is found on chromosome 6. Another gene corresponds to the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene, which is located adjacent to APOBEC1 on chromosome 12. Seven additional genes, or pseudogenes (designated APOBEC3A to 3G), are arrayed in tandem on chromosome 22. Not present in rodents, this locus is apparently an anthropoid-specific expansion of the APOBEC family. The conclusion that these new genes encode orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes of the APOBEC family comes from similarity in amino acid sequence with APOBEC1, conserved intron/exon organization, tissue-specific expression, homodimerization, and zinc and RNA binding similar to APOBEC1. Tissue-specific expression of these genes in a variety of cell lines, along with other evidence, suggests a role for these enzymes in growth or cell cycle control.

References (35)

  • T. Muto et al.

    Isolation, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of the human activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) gene

    Genomics

    (2000)
  • M. Muramatsu

    Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme

    Cell

    (2000)
  • P. Revy

    Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the Hyper-IgM syndrome

    Cell

    (2000)
  • P. Madsen

    Psoriasis upregulated phorbolin-1 shares structural but not functional similarity to the mRNA-editing protein APOBEC1

    J. Invest. Dermatol.

    (1999)
  • M.L. Kabel et al.

    RNA editing: getting U into RNA

    Trends Biochem. Sci.

    (1997)
  • Hajduk, S. L., and Sabatini, R. S.1998. Mitochondrial mRNA editing in kinetoplastid protozoa. In Modification and...
  • J.M. Gualberto et al.

    RNA editing in wheat mitochondria results in the conservation of protein sequences

    Nature

    (1989)
  • Cited by (608)

    • SARS-CoV-2 variant biology and immune evasion

      2024, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
    • The current toolbox for APOBEC drug discovery

      2022, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
    View all citing articles on Scopus
    *

    To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: (020) 8383-2028. E-mail: [email protected]. E-mail: [email protected].

    View full text