Elsevier

Analytical Biochemistry

Volume 306, Issue 2, 15 July 2002, Pages 188-196
Analytical Biochemistry

Regular Article
Electrochemical Detection of Nucleic Base Mismatches with Ferrocenyl Naphthalene Diimide

https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.2002.5822Get rights and content

Abstract

Electrochemical detection of nucleic base mismatches was attempted successfully with ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide (FND) in a model system with 20-meric double-stranded oligonucleotides with or without a mismatch(es). Thus, dA20 or a 20-meric sequence of the lac Z gene was immobilized on a gold electrode and complementary oligonucleotides with different numbers of mismatches were allowed to hybridize in the presence of FND to give rise to an electrochemical signal. The signal intensity varied depending on the number of unpaired bases on the DNA duplex. From experiments with a quartz crystal microbalance, eight molecules of FND were found to bind to the 20-meric double-stranded oligos and this number decreased as the number of mismatches increased. These findings were further supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. This novel method will be useful for the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms present on human genes.

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    • Detection of an aberrant methylation of CDH4 gene in PCR product by ferrocenylnaphthalene diimide-based electrochemical hybridization assay

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      However, such quantitative analyses have not been achieved for PCR products as target DNA though electrochemical detection of PCR product is required to develop the portable DNA chip for practical use [2,6,7,17,19,22]. We have been studying the ferrocenylnaphthalene diimide (FND)-based hybridization assay because FND generated stable signal after hybridization of double stranded DNA region on the electrode [6–13]. Here, we report study of the hybridization efficiency of oligonucleotides and PCR products with DNA probe-immobilized electrode.

    • Electrochemical detection of aberrant methylated gene using naphthalene diimide derivative carrying four ferrocene moieties

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      The relatively good hybridization efficiency achieved in our case comes probably from the stabilization effect of F4ND threading intercalation on double stranded DNA. This ligand could stabilize DNA duplex and the stabilization extent of fully matched combination was higher than that of mismatched combination, which is in agreement with the case of FND [35]. The Δi values obtained in this experiment allowed discrimination between fully matched and mismatched combinations within the error, although, scattered results were observed for the individual electrodes.

    • Spectral properties of new N,N′-bis-alkyl-1,4,6,8-naphthalenediimide complexes

      2006, Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
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