ArticlesBioavailability of Hydroxychloroquine Tablets Assessed with Deconvolution Techniques
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The presumable effects of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
2024, International ImmunopharmacologyChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of malaria and repurposing in treating COVID-19
2020, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :CQ can penetrate into most tissues with a large distribution volume of about 65,000 L and the final elimination half-life 40–60 days (AlKadi, 2007). In contrast, HCQ can accumulate and maintain a steady-state concentration in the body tissues for 4–6 months (Tett, Cutler, & Day, 1992). Both CQ and HCQ undergo biotransformation in the liver by enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, or CYP1A1. (
Adherence to treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
2013, Best Practice and Research: Clinical RheumatologyCitation Excerpt :The interindividual variability of the blood HCQ level (meaning the variability from one patient to another) is important with more than a 10-fold range of drug concentrations found after similar dose administrations. This has been observed in supposedly adherent patients with rheumatoid arthritis [31–33], SLE [34] and in healthy volunteers [35,36]. A relationship between blood concentrations of HCQ and clinical efficacy has been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [31–33], cutaneous lupus [37] and SLE [34,38].
Antimalarials and SLE
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