Abstract
We determined the stability and chemical composition of Al-bearing superhydrous phase B at 20–24 GPa and 1400–2000 °C to discuss the mechanism of water transport in the mantle transition zone and uppermost lower mantle at temperatures close to the mantle geotherm. Superhydrous phase B contained significant amounts of Al2O3, from 14 to 32 wt%, and Al-bearing superhydrous phase B remained stable, even at 2000 °C and pressures of approximately 20–24 GPa. Moreover, two types of superhydrous phase B with different chemical compositions coexisted at 20–24 GPa and 1600 °C. The Al2O3 and H2O contents increased, and the MgO and SiO2 contents decreased as the pressure and temperature increased up to 1600 °C. Above 1600 °C, the MgO and Al2O3 contents increased, and the SiO2 and H2O contents decreased as the temperature increased. We found two substitution mechanisms: (1) 2Mg2+ + Si4+ ⇄ 2Al3+ + 2H+ + □Mg (Mg site vacancy) (2Mg2+ = Al3+ + H+ + □Mg):(Si4+ = Al3+ + H+) = 1:1, (2) Si4+ + 16H+ ⇆ 4Mg2+ + 4Al3+. The maximum H2O content of Al-bearing superhydrous phase B is 11.1(3) wt%, which is ~ 1.9 times larger than that of the Mg-end-member. The crystal structures of the two coexisting superhydrous phase B values are expected to be slightly different from each other. The present results indicate that Al-bearing superhydrous phase B can be stable in a subducted slab with a high Al content compared to pyrolite (e.g, chlorite) at temperatures typical of the mantle transition zone and the lower mantle. Thus, water can be transported to the lower mantle by Al-bearing superhydrous phase B in the subducting slab, even at the typical mantle geotherm.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank T. Shinmei for technical help for the high-pressure experiments, and T. Kawazoe for advice for manuscript writing. S.K. was supported by Research Fellowships of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for Young Scientists (DC1). This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 16J0269 for S.K. and 26247073 and 15H05828 for T.I. In addition, this work was supported by the Joint Usage/Research Program (2017B24) of PRIUS, Ehime University.
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