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Scaffolds from biomaterials: advantages and limitations in bone and tissue engineering

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Abstract

Nowadays, there has been immense progress in developing materials to support transplanted cells. Nevertheless, the complexity of tissues is far beyond what is found in the most advanced scaffolds. This article reviews the types of biomaterials and their resulting scaffolds in the bio-engineering of bone and tissues by presenting an overview of the characteristics of ideal scaffold in tissue engineering along with types of scaffolds and examples of previous studies where these scaffolds have been applied. The advantages of scaffolds, and the three-dimensional culture system and its used commercially available scaffold is presented. Challenges encountered in the application of these scaffolds in bone and tissue engineering is also highlighted. Used method was by acquisition of materials through Google scholar, Science direct, PubMed and University library archives. Proper knowledge of the above highlighted facts will go a long way in re-addressing the production of scaffolds for bone and tissue engineering. With the proliferation of innovative applications in bioactive glasses and glass ceramics, the greater need for specific understanding of cell biology with emphasis on cellular differentiation, cell to cell interaction and extracellular matrix formation in engineering of bone and tissues becomes inevitable. This will enhance scaffold production, bone regeneration and transplantation outcome.

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Abbreviations

3D:

three-dimensional

ASTM:

American Society for Testing Material

BG:

bioactive glass

CAD:

computer-aided design

ECM:

extracellular matrix

GlcN:

D-glucosamine

GlcNAc:

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

HAP:

hydroxyapatite

Hep3B:

human hepatoma 3B cells

m-BG:

micron-sized bioactive glass

MBG:

mesoporous bioactive glass

MSCs:

mesenchymal stem cells

n-BG:

nano-sized bioactive glass

OPF:

oligo-poly glycol-fumarate

PBT:

polybutylene terephthalate

PCL:

poly-ε-caprolactone

PDLLA:

poly-D-L-lactide

PEG:

polyethylene glycol

PGA:

poly-glycolide

PLA:

poly-lactic acids

PLGA:

poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid

PLLA:

poly-L-lactic acid

PPC:

polypropylene carbonate

PVA:

polyvinyl alcohol

SIS:

small intestinal sub-mucosa

TCP:

tricalcium phosphate

TGF-β1:

transforming growth factor beta 1

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Tshwane University of Technology for their total support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Franca N. Alaribe, Sello L. Manoto & Shirley C. K. M. Motaung

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  1. Franca N. Alaribe
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  2. Sello L. Manoto
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  3. Shirley C. K. M. Motaung
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Correspondence to Shirley C. K. M. Motaung.

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Alaribe, F.N., Manoto, S.L. & Motaung, S.C.K.M. Scaffolds from biomaterials: advantages and limitations in bone and tissue engineering. Biologia 71, 353–366 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0056

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0056

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