Recent studies of zirconium tungstate, ${\mathrm{ZrW}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_8,$ show an isotropic negative thermal expansion (NTE) over a wide temperature range. It has been proposed that the low-energy phonon vibrational modes, observed in both specific heat and phonon density-of-states measurements, are responsible for this unusual NTE. We have carried out x-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) experiments at both the W $L_{\mathrm{III}}$ edge and Zr K edge to study the detailed local structure in ${\mathrm{ZrW}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_8.$ Our XAFS results show a very small temperature dependence of the broadening parameter, $\sigma ,$ for the W-Zr atom pair and the W-O-Zr linkage; consequently, the displacements of the W, O, and Zr atoms must be correlated. The data show a much larger temperature dependence of $\sigma$ for the nearest ${\mathrm{W}}_1-{\mathrm{W}}_2$ pair as well as for the nearest Zr-Zr pair. These combined results indicate that it is the correlated motion of a ${\mathrm{WO}}_4$ tetrahedron and its three nearest ${\mathrm{ZrO}}_6$ octahedra that leads to the NTE effect in this material instead of primarily transverse vibrations of the middle O atom in the W-O-Zr linkage. The data for both W-W and Zr-Zr atom pairs also indicate a hardening of the effective spring constant near 100 K, which is consistent with the shift of the lowest mode with T in the phonon density of states. A simple model is developed to explain the NTE in terms of the local structure results; it also provides a natural explanation for the lack of a soft-mode phase transition.

• Received 13 November 2002

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.014303