Abstract
CD24 is a molecule that recently has raised considerable attention in tumour biology. It is involved in cell adhesion and metastatic tumour spread. It has also been described as a new diagnostic marker of tumours, of neuroendocrine differentiation and, possibly most intriguing of all, of patient prognosis. High rates of CD24 expression detected by immunohistochemistry have been found in epithelial ovarian cancer (83%), breast cancer (85%), non-small cell lung cancer (45%), prostate cancer (48%) and pancreatic cancer (72%). With the exception of pancreatic cancer, high rates of CD24 are significantly associated with a more aggressive course of the disease, a finding that remains significant in a multivariate analysis. The aim of this review is to summarize relevant work covering these aspects of CD24.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramson CS, Kersey JH, LeBien TW (1981) A monoclonal antibody (BA-1) reactive with cells of human B lymphocyte lineage. J Immunol 126: 83–88.
Aigner S, Ruppert M, Hubbe M, Sammar M, Sthoeger Z, Butcher EC, Vestweber D, Altevogt P (1995) Heat stable antigen (mouse CD24) supports myeloid cell binding to endothelial and platelet P-selectin. Int Immunol 7: 1557–1565.
Aigner S, Sthoeger ZM, Fogel M, Weber E, Zarn J, Ruppert M, Zeller Y, Vestweber D, Stahel R, Sammar M, Altevogt P (1997) CD24, a mucin-type glycoprotein, is a ligand for P-selectin on human tumor cells. Blood 89: 3385–3395.
Aigner S, Ramos CL, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Lawrence MB, Friederichs J, Altevogt P, Ley K (1998) CD24 mediates rolling of breast carcinoma cells on P-selectin. FASEB J 12: 1241–1251.
Akashi T, Shirasawa T, Hirokawa K (1994) Gene expression of CD24 core polypeptide molecule in normal rat tissues and human tumor cell lines. Virchows Arch 425: 399–406.
Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF (2003) Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 3983–3988.
Chan JK, Ng CS, Lo ST (1987) Immunohistological characteriza-tion of malignant lymphomas of the Waldeyer's ring other than the nasopharynx. Histopathology 11: 885–899.
Chappel MS, Hough MR, Mittel A, Takei F, Kay R, Humphries RK (1996) Cross-linking the murine heat-stable antigen induces apop-tosis in B cell precursors and suppresses the anti-CD40-induced proliferation of mature resting B lymphocytes. J Exp Med 184: 1638–1649.
Clegg N, Ferguson C, True LD, Arnold H, Moorman A, Quinn JE, Vessella RL, Nelson PS (2003) Molecular characterization of prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Prostate 55: 55–64.
Daniel L, Lechevallier E, Bouvier C, Coulange C, Pellissier JF (2000) Adult mesoblastic nephroma. Pathol Res Pract 196: 135–139.
Deichmann M, Kurzen H, Egner U, Altevogt P, Hartschuh W (2003) Adhesion molecules CD171 (L1CAM) and CD24 are expressed by primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin (Merkel cell carcinomas). J Cutan Pathol 30: 363–368.
Droz D, Rousseau-Merck MF, Jaubert F, Diebold N, Nezelof C, Adafer E, Mouly H (1990a) Cell differentiation in Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma): An immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 21: 536–544.
Droz D, Zachar D, Charbit L, Gogusev J, Chretein Y, Iris L (1990b) Expression of the human nephron differentiation molecules in renal cell carcinomas. Am J Pathol 137: 895–905.
Foa R, Migone N, Fierro MT, Basso G, Lusso P, Putti MC, Giubellino MC, Saitta M, Miniero R, Casorati G et al. (1987) Genotypic characterization of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia may improve the phenotypic classification. Exp Hematol 15: 942–945.
Fogel M, Friederichs J, Zeller Y, Husar M, Smirnov A, Roitman L, Altevogt P, Sthoeger ZM (1999) CD24 is a marker for human breast carcinoma. Cancer Lett 143: 87–94.
Fridrik MA, Wahl G, Herbinger W, Schutzenberger W, Gastl G, Huber C, Kronke M, Hopfel I (1989) Morphological and immunological changes of hairy cell leukemia during alpha-2-interferon therapy. Blut 58: 261–264.
Friederichs J, Zeller Y, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Grone HJ, Ley K, Altevogt P (2000) The CD24/P-selectin binding pathway initiates lung arrest of human A125 adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 60: 6714–6722.
Gromova I, Gromov P, Celis JE (1999) Identification of true differ-entially expressed mRNAs in a pair of human bladder transitional cell carcinomas using an improved differential display procedure. Electrophoresis 20: 241–248.
Huang LR, Hsu HC (1995) Cloning and expression of CD24 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma: A potential early tumor marker gene correlates with p53 mutation and tumor differentiation. Cancer Res 55: 4717–4721.
Jackson N, Ling NR, Ball J, Bromidge E, Nathan PD, Franklin IM (1988) Ananalysis of myeloma plasma cell phenotype using antibodies defined at the IIIrd International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 72: 351–356.
Jackson D, Waibel R, Weber E, Bell J, Stahel RA (1992) CD24, a signal-transducing molecule expressed on human B cells, is a major surface antigen on small cell lung carcinomas. Cancer Res 52: 5264–5270.
Jacob J, Bellach J, Gr¨ utzmann R, Alldinger I, Pilarsky C, Dietel M, Kristiansen G (2004) Expression of CD24 in adenocarcinomas of the pancreas correlates with higher tumour grades. Pancreatology, in press
Jacobson K, Dietrich C (1999) Looking at lipid rafts? Trends Cell Biol 9: 87–91.
Karran L, Jones M, Morley G, van Noorden S, Smith P, Lampert I, Griffin BE (1995) Expression of a B-cell marker, CD24, on naso-pharyngeal carcinoma cells. Int J Cancer 60: 562–566.
Kataoka Y, Shimada H, Sugimoto T, Mine H, Hachitanda Y, Doi Y, Sawada T, Weeks DA (1993) Congenital sarcoma in the terminal ileum histologically resembling clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: A case report with an immunohistochemical study. Hum Pathol 24: 1026–1030.
Kay R, Takei F, Humphries RK (1990) Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding M1/69-J11d heat-stable antigens. J Immunol 145: 1952–1959.
Kay R, Rosten PM, Humphries RK (1991) CD24, a signal transducer modulating B cell activation responses, is a very short peptide with a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor. J Immunol 147: 1412–1416.
Kim YJ, Borsig L, Varki NM, Varki A (1998) P-selectin deficiency attenuates tumor growth and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 9325–9330.
Knowles II DM, Dodson LD, Raab R, Mittler RS, Talle MA, Goldstein G (1983) The application of monoclonal antibodies to the characteriza-tion and diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms: A review of recent studies. Diagn Immunol 1: 142–149.
Kristiansen G, Denkert C, Schluns K, Dahl E, Pilarsky C, Hauptmann S (2002) CD24 is expressed in ovarian cancer and is a new inde-pendent prognostic marker of patient survival. Am J Pathol 161: 1215–1221.
Kristiansen G, Schluns K, Yongwei Y, Denkert C, Dietel M, Petersen I (2003a) CD24 is an independent prognostic marker of survival in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer 88: 231–236.
Kristiansen G, Winzer, KJ, Mayordomo E, Bellach J, Schl¨ uns K, Denkert C, Dahl E, Pilarsky C, Altevogt P, Guski H, Dietel M(2003b) CD24 expression is a new prognostic marker in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res (in press).
Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Pervan J, St¨ urzebecher B, Stephan C, Jung K, Loening S, Rosenthal A, Dietel M (2004) CD24 expression is a significant predictor of PSA relapse and poor prognosis in low grade or organ confined prostate cancer. The Prostate 58: 183–192.
Lavabre-Bertrand T, Duperray C, Brunet C, Poncelet P, Exbrayat C, Bourquard P, Lavabre-Bertrand C, Brochier J, Navarro M, Janossy G (1994) Quantification of CD24 and CD45 antigens in parallel allows a precise determination of B-cell maturation stages: Relevance for the study of B-cell neoplasias. Leukemia 8: 402–408.
Liu AY, True LD (2002) Characterization of prostate cell types by CD cell surface molecules. Am J Pathol 160: 37–43.
Liu Y, Jones B, Aruffo A, Sullivan KM, Linsley PS, Janeway Jr CA (1992) Heat-stable antigen is a costimulatory molecule for CD4 T cell growth. J Exp Med 175: 437–445.
Mechtersheimer G, Tilgen W, Klar E, Moller P (1989) Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses: Case presentation with special reference to immunohistochemical findings. Hum Pathol 20: 914–917.
Mechtersheimer G, Barth T, Ludwig R, Staudter M, Moller P (1993) Differential expression of leukocyte differentiation antigens in small round blue cell sarcomas. Cancer 71: 237–248.
Nestl A, Von Stein OD, Zatloukal K, Thies WG, Herrlich P, Hofmann M, Sleeman JP (2001) Gene expression patterns associated with the metastatic phenotype in rodent and human tumors. Cancer Res 61: 1569–1577.
Nielsen PJ, Lorenz B, Muller AM, Wenger RH, Brombacher F, Simon M, von der Weid T, Langhorne WJ, Mossmann H, Kohler G (1997) Altered erythrocytes and a leaky block in B-cell development in CD24/ HSA-deficient mice. Blood 89: 1058–1067.
Oertel J, Oertel B, Kastner M, Lobeck H, Huhn D (1988) The value of immunocytochemical staining of lymph node aspirates in diagnostic cytology. Br J Haematol 70: 307–316.
Parkin JL, Arthur DC, Abramson CS, McKenna RW, Kersey JH, Heideman RL, Brunning RD (1982) Acute leukemia associated with the t(4;11) chromosome rearrangement: Ultrastructural and immuno-logic characteristics. Blood 60: 1321–1331.
Poncet C, Frances V, Gristina R, Scheiner C, Pellissier JF, Figarella-Branger D (1996) CD24, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules is transiently expressed during the development of human central nervous system and is a marker of human neural cell lineage tumors. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 91: 400–408.
Saito A, Fujii G, Sato Y, Gotoh M, Sakamoto M, Toda G, Hirohashi S (2002) Detection of genes expressed in primary colon cancers by in situ hybridisation: Overexpression of RACK 1. Mol Pathol 55: 34–39.
Schindelmann S, Windisch J, Grundmann R, Kreienberg R, Zeillinger R, Deissler H (2002) Expression profiling of mammary carcinoma cell lines: Correlation of in vitro invasiveness with expression of CD24. Tumour Biol 23: 139–145.
Schuurman HJ, Huppes W, Verdonck LF, Van Baarlen J, Van Unnik JA (1988) Immunophenotyping of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlation with relapse-free survival. Am J Pathol 131: 102–111.
Senner V, Sturm A, Baur I, Schrell UH, Distel L, Paulus W(1999) CD24 promotes invasion of glioma cells in vivo. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: 795–802.
Simons K, Ikonen E (1997) Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature 387: 569–572.
Singh D, Febbo PG, Ross K, Jackson DG, Manola J, Ladd C, Tamayo P, Renshaw AA, D'Amico AV, Richie JP, Lander ES, Loda M, Kantoff PW, Golub TR, Sellers WR(2002) Gene expression correlates of clinical prostate cancer behavior. Cancer Cell 1: 203–209.
Sorbello V, Fuso L, Sfiligoi C, Scafoglio C, Ponzone R, Biglia N, Weisz A, Sismondi P, De Bortoli M(2003) Quantitative real-time RT-PCR anal-ysis of eight novel estrogen-regulated genes in breast cancer. Int J Biol Markers 18: 123–129.
Suzuki T, Kiyokawa N, Taguchi T, Sekino T, Katagiri YU, Fujimoto J (2001) CD24 induces apoptosis in human B cells via the glycolipid-enriched membrane domains/rafts-mediated signaling system. J Immunol 166: 5567–5577.
Valet G, Repp R, Link H, Ehninger A, Gramatzki MM (2003) Pretherapeutic identification of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients from immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and clinical parameters. Cytometry 53: 4–10.
Welsh JB, Sapinoso LM, Su AI, Kern SG, Wang-Rodriguez J, Moskaluk CA, Frierson Jr HF, Hampton GM(2001a) Analysis of gene expression identifies candidate markers and pharmacological targets in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 61: 5974–5978.
Welsh JB, Zarrinkar PP, Sapinoso LM, Kern SG, Behling CA, Monk BJ, Lockhart DJ, Burger RA, Hampton GM (2001b) Analysis of gene expression profiles in normal and neoplastic ovarian tissue samples identifies candidate molecular markers of epithelial ovarian cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 1176–1181.
Yang GP, Ross DT, Kuang WW, Brown PO, Weigel RJ (1999) Combining SSH and cDNA microarrays for rapid identification of differentially expressed genes. Nucleic Acids Res 27: 1517–1523.
Zarn JA, Jackson DG, Bell MV, Jones T, Weber E, Sheer D, Waibel R, Stahel RA (1995) The small cell lung cancer antigen cluster-4 and the leukocyte antigen CD24 are allelic isoforms of the same gene (CD24) on chromosome band 6q21. Cytogenet Cell Genet 70: 119–125.
Zarn JA, Zimmermann SM, Pass MK, Waibel R, Stahel RA (1996) Association of CD24 with the kinase c-fgr in a small cell lung cancer cell line and with the kinase lyn in an erythroleukemia cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 225: 384–391.
Zhou Q, Guo Y, Liu Y (1998) Regulation of the stability of heat-stable antigen mRNA by interplay between two novel cis-elements in the 3′ untranslated region. Mol Cell Biol 18: 815–826.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kristiansen, G., Sammar, M. & Altevogt, P. Tumour Biological Aspects of CD24, A Mucin-Like Adhesion Molecule. Histochem J 35, 255–262 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIJO.0000032357.16261.c5
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HIJO.0000032357.16261.c5