Desulfospira joergensenii, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Sulfate-reducing Bacterium Isolated from Marine Surface Sediment

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Summary

A new Gram-negative sulfur-reducing eubacterium was isolated from iron-rich oxidized marine surface sediment with elemental sulfur and butyrate. Elemental sulfur can be substituted by sulfate. In addition, thiosulfate and sulfite are used as electron acceptors. The strain, named B331, grows well in hydrogen sulfide free medium in the presence of high concentrations of amorphous iron (FeIII) hydroxide. The substrate spectrum is versatile and includes hydrogen, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, oxoacids, hydroxyacids, compatible solutes (choline, chloride, betaine, glycerol and proline) and yeast extract. A fermentative type of metabolism was not observed. The cells are vibrio-shaped and not motile. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 49.3 mol%. Cytochromes are present, desulfoviridin is not. The major lipoquinones present are menaquinones including both MK-7 and MK-7(VII-H2). The fatty acid composition comprises mainly unbranched fatty acids. The major polar lipids are phosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis placed strain B331 into the delta subgroup of proteobacteria originating in a common root with members of the genera Desulfobacter and Desulfobacula. Within this group it forms a distinct line of descent with Desulfobacula toluolica as the most closely related microorganism. Strain B331 is described as the type species and type strain, respectively, of a new taxon, Desulfospira joergensenii gen. nov., sp. nov.

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      Citation Excerpt :

      The growth of many species of SRB is inhibited by elemental sulfur (Rabus et al., 2006), probably because sulfur as an oxidant shifts the potential of redox couples in the medium and cells to unfavorable and positive values. Even if most of SRB are not able to grow by dissimilatory elemental sulfur reduction, some thiophilic species of SRB, belonging to the genera Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfonauticus, Desulfohalobium, Desulfovermiculus, Desulfofustis, Desulfosporosinus, Desulfospira, Desulfitispora, Desulfosarcina (Desulfosarcina cetonica, formerly Desulfobacterium cetonicum), and Ammonifex, use elemental sulfur as an alternative electron acceptor (Audiffrin et al., 2003; Beliakova et al., 2006; Ben Dhia Thabet et al., 2011; Biebl and Pfennig, 1977; Finster et al., 1997; Friedrich et al., 1996; Galushko and Rozanova, 1991; Huber et al., 1996; Miroshnichenko et al., 2008; Ollivier et al., 1991; Robertson et al., 2001; Sorokin et al., (2007); Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010; Stackebrandt et al., 2003). Sulfur reducers use many different types of metabolic systems for oxidizing organic compounds.

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