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Swine polioencephalomyelitis in Brazil: identification of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G in a farm from Southern Brazil

  • Veterinary Microbiology - Short Communication
  • Published:
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Abstract

Porcine encephalomyelitis can be associated with many etiologies, including viral agents, such as Porcine teschovirus (PTV), Porcine sapelovirus (PSV), and Porcine astrovirus (PoAstV). In this study, we investigated the presence of these viruses in a neurological disease outbreak in a swine farm in Southern Brazil. The piglet production farm unity had 1200 weaning piglets, and 40 piglets with neurological signs such as motor incoordination, paresis, and paralysis of hind limbs, with an evolution time of approximately 4 days. Among these, 10 piglets were submitted to postmortem examination. Gross lesions were restricted to a mild enlargement of the nerve roots and ganglia of spinal cord segments. The microscopic lesions were characterized by nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis and ganglioneuritis with evident neuronal degeneration and necrosis. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), cerebrospinal fluid, and feces were collected and submitted to molecular analysis. PTV was identified in all samples of the CNS, while eight of the piglets were also positive for PSV, and seven were positive for Porcine enterovirus (EV-G). PoAstV was identified in a pool of feces of healthy animals used as controls. This study demonstrates the occurrence of encephalomyelitis associated with PTV on a swine farm in Southern Brazil, as well as the presence of other viruses such as PSV, EV-G, and PoAstV in the swineherd. Sequences of the fragments that were previously amplified by PCR showed a high similarity to PTV 6. Herein, we describe the first case report of severe swine polioencephalomyelitis associated with PTV in South America.

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Funding

Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa (Propesq/UFRGS), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) supported this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Márcia Elisa Hammerschmitt, Bianca Santana de Cecco, Marina Paula Lorenzett, Claiton Ismael Schwertz, Rafaela Albuquerque Caprioli, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini & David Driemeier

  2. Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil

    Paula Rodrigues de Almeida, Meriane Demoliner, Ana Karolina Antunes Eisen & Fernando Rosado Spilki

  3. Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil

    Raquel Aparecida Sales da Cruz

  4. Médica Veterinária Autônoma, Harmonia, Brazil

    Daniela Teresa Schuh

Authors
  1. Márcia Elisa Hammerschmitt
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  2. Paula Rodrigues de Almeida
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  3. Bianca Santana de Cecco
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  13. David Driemeier
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Contributions

Márcia Elisa Hammerschmitt drafted the work and made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data. Paula Rodrigues de Almeida drafted the work and revised it critically for important intellectual content, made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data, and approved the version to be published. Bianca Santana de Cecco, Marina Paula Lorenzett, Claiton Ismael Schwertz, Raquel Aparecida Sales da Cruz, Rafaela Albuquerque Caprioli, Daniela Teresa Schuh, Meriane Demoliner, Ana Karolina Antunes Eisen, Fernando Rosado Spilki, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini, and David Driemeier made substantial contributions to the interpretation of data, revised it critically for important intellectual content, and approved the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Márcia Elisa Hammerschmitt.

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All cases described herein occurred spontaneously, with no experimentation, inoculation, or treatment of live animals. All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Hammerschmitt, M.E., de Almeida, P.R., de Cecco, B.S. et al. Swine polioencephalomyelitis in Brazil: identification of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G in a farm from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 52, 1617–1622 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-021-00509-z

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