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Cerebellar Cortex as a Therapeutic Target for Neurostimulation

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Abstract

Non-invasive stimulation of the cerebellum is growingly applied both in the clinic and in research settings to modulate the activities of cerebello-cerebral loops. The anatomical location of the cerebellum, the high responsiveness of the cerebellar cortex to magnetic/electrical stimuli, and the implication of the cerebellum in numerous cerebello-cerebral networks make the cerebellum an ideal target for investigations and therapeutic purposes. In this mini-review, we discuss the potentials of cerebellar neuromodulation in major brain disorders in order to encourage large-scale sham-controlled research and explore this therapeutic aid further.

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Abbreviations

ADL:

Activities of daily living

ALFF:

Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation

atDCS:

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation

CA:

Cerebellar ataxia

CBI:

Cerebellum brain inhibition

CCAS:

Cerebellar cognitive affective scale

CF:

Climbing fiber

cTBS:

Continuous theta burst stimulation

ctDCS:

Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation

DCN:

Deep cerebellar nuclei

DN:

Dentate nucleus

DSM-V:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-5th Ed

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

EMG:

Electromyogram

ET:

Essential tremor

GABA:

Gamma aminobutyric acid

GN:

Golgi neuron

ICARS:

International cooperative ataxia rating scale

IN:

GABAergic interneuron

IO:

Inferior olive

iTBS:

Intermittent theta burst stimulation

L-DOPA:

L-3,4-di-hydroxy-phenylalanine

LTD:

Long-term depression

MF:

Mossy fibers

PC:

Purkinje cell

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PN:

Pontine nucleus

RN:

Red nucleus

rTMS:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

SARA:

Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia

SSRI:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

tACS:

Transcranial alternating current stimulation

TBS:

Theta burst stimulation

tDCS:

Transcranial direct current stimulation

TMS:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

UPDRS:

Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale

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Funding

KvD is a doctoral researcher involved in project G035714N granted by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). This research was also funded by a Strategic Research Program (SRP15) awarded by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical and Experimental Neurolinguistics, CLIN, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Kim van Dun

  2. Medical Education Promotion Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Mitoma

  3. Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium

    Mario Manto

  4. Service des Neurosciences, UMons, Mons, Belgium

    Mario Manto

Authors
  1. Kim van Dun
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  2. Hiroshi Mitoma
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  3. Mario Manto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kim van Dun.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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van Dun, K., Mitoma, H. & Manto, M. Cerebellar Cortex as a Therapeutic Target for Neurostimulation. Cerebellum 17, 777–787 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-018-0976-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-018-0976-8

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