Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ionic Liquids as Lubricants of Titanium–Steel Contact. Part 2: Friction, Wear and Surface Interactions at High Temperature

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Tribology Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The tribological behaviour and surface interactions of titanium sliding against AISI 52100 steel have been studied at 200 and 300 °C in the presence of two commercial imidazolium room temperature ionic liquid (ILs): 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (L108) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (LP106). L108 presents the higher thermal stability but gives higher friction coefficients and wear rates than LP106, with long running-in periods and high friction values, both at 200 and 300 °C. Friction and wear rates for LP106 are lower and decrease as the temperature increases from 25 to 200 °C. At 200 °C, LP106 shows a constant friction coefficient, without running-in, produces a mild wear on titanium and no surface damage on steel. LP106 fails at 300 °C, close to its degradation temperature, due to tribochemical decomposition through partial dissociation of the hexafluorophosphate anion, with formation of a phosphorus-rich layer on the steel ball, while the titanium wear track surface is heterogeneous, showing regions with the presence of fluoride and others with the presence of phosphate. When the steel ball is substituted for a ruby sphere under the same conditions at 300 °C, a low friction coefficient and mild wear is observed, due to the higher stability of the LP106 lubricant at the ruby–titanium interface. The friction coefficients, wear mechanisms and surface interactions have been studied by means of friction-distance records, SEM, EDX and XPS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Minami, I.: Ionic liquids in tribology. Molecules 14, 2286–2305 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhou, F., Liang, Y.M., Liu, W.M.: Ionic liquid lubricants: designed chemistry for engineering applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 28, 2590–2599 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bermudez, M.D., Jimenez, A.E., Sanes, J., Carrion, F.J.: Ionic liquids as advanced lubricant fluids. Molecules 14, 2888–2908 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Jin, C.M., Ye, C.F., Phillips, B.S., Zabinski, J.S., Liu, X.Q., Liu, W.M., Shreeve, J.M.: Polyethylene glycol functionalized dicationic ionic liquids with alkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substituents as high temperature lubricants. J Mater Chem 16, 1529–1535 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Phillips, B.S., John, G., Zabinski, J.S.: Surface chemistry of fluorine containing ionic liquids on steel substrates at elevated temperature using Mossbauer spectroscopy. Tribol. Lett. 26, 85–91 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D.: Ionic liquids as lubricants for steel-aluminum contacts at low and elevated temperatures. Tribol. Lett. 26, 53–60 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zeng, Z., Phillips, B.S., Xiao, J.C., Shreeve, J.M.: Polyfluoroalkyl, polyethylene glycol, 1, 4-bismethylenebenzene or 1, 4-bismethylene-2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorobenzene bridged functionalized dicationic ionic liquids: synthesis and properties as high temperature lubricants. Chem Mater 20, 2719–2726 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yao, M.H., Liang, Y.M., Xia, Y.Q., Zhou, F., Liu, X.Q.: High temperature tribological properties of 2-substituted imidazolium ionic liquids for Si3N4-steel contacts. Tribol. Lett. 32, 73–79 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D., Iglesias, P.: Lubrication of Inconel 600 with ionic liquids at high temperature. Tribol. Int. 42, 1744–1751 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D.: Ionic liquids as lubricants of titanium-steel contact. Tribol. Lett. 33, 111–126 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mu, Z.G., Zhou, F., Zhang, S.X., Liang, Y.M., Liu, W.M.: Effect of the functional groups in ionic liquid molecules on the friction and wear behavior of aluminium alloy in lubricated aluminum-on-steel contact. Tribol. Int. 38, 725–731 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mu, Z.G., Wang, X.X., Zhang, S.X., Liang, Y.M., Bao, M., Liu,W.M.: Investigation of tribological behavior of Al-Si alloy against steel lubricated with ionic liquids of 1-diethylphosphonyl-n-propyl-3-alkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. J Tribol Trans ASME 130, Art. No. 034501 (2008)

  13. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D., Iglesias, P., Carrion, F.J., Martinez-Nicolas, G.: 1-N-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids as neat lubricants and lubricant additives in steel-aluminium contacts. Wear 260, 766–782 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D., Carrion, F.J., Martinez-Nicolas, G.: Room temperature ionic liquids as lubricant additives in steel-aluminium contacts: influence of sliding velocity, normal load and temperature. Wear 261, 347–359 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jimenez, A.E., Bermudez, M.D.: Imidazolium ionic liquids as additives of the synthetic ester propylene glycol dioleate in aluminium-steel lubrication. Wear 265, 787–798 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Qu, J., Truhan, J.J., Dai, S., Luo, H., Blau, P.J.: Ionic liquids with ammonium cations as lubricants or additives. Tribol. Lett. 22, 207–214 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Qu, J., Blau, P.J., Sheng, D., Huimin, L., Meyer, J.M., Truhan, J.J.: Tribological characteristics of aluminium alloys sliding against steel lubricated by ammonium and imidazolium ionic liquids. Wear 267, 1226–1231 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Iglesias, P., Bermudez, M.D., Carrion, F.J., Martinez-Nicolas, G.: Friction and wear of aluminium-steel contacts lubricated with ordered fluids. Neutral and ionic liquid crystals as oil additives. Wear 256, 386–392 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bermudez, M.D., Jimenez, A.E., Martinez-Nicolas, G.: Study of surface interactions of ionic liquids with aluminium alloys in corrosion and erosion-corrosion processes. Appl Surf Sci 253, 7295–7302 (2007)

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Xue, H., Verma, R., Schreeve, J.M.: Review of ionic liquids with fluorine-containing anions. J. Fluorine Chem. 127, 159–176 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bardi, U., Chenakin, S.P., Caporali, S., Lavacchi, A., Perissi, I., Tolstogouzov, A.: Surface modification of industrial alloys induced by long-term interaction with an ionic liquid. Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1768–1772 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Moulder, J.F., Stickle, W.F., Sobol, P.E., Bomben, K.D.: Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Perkin Elmer, Eden Prairie, MN (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Caporali, S., Bardi, U., Lavacchi, A.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering studies on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide. J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 151, 4–8 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang, H.Z., Lu, Q.M., Ye, C.F., Liu, W.M., Cui, Z.J.: Friction and wear behaviors of ionic liquid of alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates as lubricants for steel/steel contact. Wear 256, 44–48 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Battez, A.H., Gonzalez, R., Viesca, J.L., Blanco, D., Asedegbega, E., Osorio, A.: Tribological behaviour of two imidazolium ionic liquids as lubricant additives for steel/steel contacts. Wear 266, 1224–1228 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Nooruddin, N.S., Wahlbeck, P.G., Carper, W.R.: Molecular modelling of ionic liquid tribology: semi-empirical bonding and molecular structure. J. Mol. Struc. Theochem. 822, 1–7 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by MICINN (Spain), EU FEDER program (MAT2008-01670) and by Programa de Generación de Conocimiento Científico de Excelencia de la Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (08596/PI/08).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica. Departamento de Ingeniería de Materiales y Fabricación, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202, Cartagena, Spain

    A. E. Jiménez & M. D. Bermúdez

Authors
  1. A. E. Jiménez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. D. Bermúdez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. D. Bermúdez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jiménez, A.E., Bermúdez, M.D. Ionic Liquids as Lubricants of Titanium–Steel Contact. Part 2: Friction, Wear and Surface Interactions at High Temperature. Tribol Lett 37, 431–443 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9539-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9539-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation