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From river to farm: an evaluation of genetic diversity in wild and aquaculture stocks of Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Characidae, Bryconinae

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Abstract

Brycon amazonicus is widely distributed in the Amazon basin. The species has traditionally been the focus of subsistence and commercial fisheries, and recently has become an important aquaculture species. Aquaculture relies on the removal of individuals from nature which form the basis of breeding stocks. The breeding stocks are often derived from local populations, but equally often are a mix of fishes from different regions or from other aquaculture stations. In this study, we found that B. amazonicus forms just one population in the central Amazon basin, and most animals in the aquaculture stations originated from this group. However, fishes from the Balbina aquaculture station represent another biological group, while the fishes in the experimental station of the Federal University of Amazonas are an admixed group. Fishes of the aquaculture stations are differentiated from each other and from the wild fish. Genetic diversity of the aquaculture fishes was not different from the wild fishes, and thus, inbreeding is unlikely to be a concern. Outbreeding depression, however, should be of concern given the observed levels of admixture in the aquaculture stocks. We conclude the article with recommendations for good practices to minimize the likelihood of inbreeding and outbreeding depression.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Grants from FINEP/DARPA (Convênio No. 01.09.0472.00) to IPF and GB. This study formed a portion of ROC PIBIC undergraduate program at UFAM. IPF and TH are supported by Bolsa de Pesquisa scholarship from CNPq, and ROC was supported by a fellowship from FAPEAM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Roberta Cunha de Oliveira, Tomas Hrbek & Izeni Pires Farias

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Maria da Conceição Freitas Santos

  3. Secretaria de Pesca (SEPROR), Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Geraldo Bernardino

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  1. Roberta Cunha de Oliveira
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  2. Maria da Conceição Freitas Santos
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  3. Geraldo Bernardino
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  4. Tomas Hrbek
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  5. Izeni Pires Farias
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Correspondence to Izeni Pires Farias.

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10750_2017_3278_MOESM1_ESM.eps

Supplementary Figure S1 Schematic illustration of allelic frequencies at 10 studied microsatellite loci. Circles represent distinct alleles, and their areas are directly proportional to their frequencies. Supplementary material 1 (EPS 809 kb)

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de Oliveira, R.C., Santos, M.d.F., Bernardino, G. et al. From river to farm: an evaluation of genetic diversity in wild and aquaculture stocks of Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Characidae, Bryconinae. Hydrobiologia 805, 75–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3278-0

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