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Genetic diversity and population structure in a regional collection of Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet)

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Abstract

Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet) is an important source of protein and essential nutrients that contribute to food security in West Africa. However, the crop is still underexploited by the populations and under-researched by the scientific community. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 217 Kersting’s groundnut accessions from five origins using 886 DArTseq markers. Gene diversity was low and ranged from 0.049 to 0.064. The number of private alleles greatly varied among populations (42–192) and morphotypes (40–339). Moderate to very high levels of selfing and inbreeding were observed among populations (s = 56–85%, FIS = 0.389–0.736) and morphotypes (s = 57–82%, FIS = 0.400–0.691). Moreover, little to very high genetic differentiations were observed among populations (0.006 ≤ FIS ≤ 0.371) and morphotypes (0.029 ≤ FIS ≤ 0.307). Analysis of molecular variance partitioned 38.5% of the genetic variation among and 48.7% within populations (P < 0.001). Significant isolation by distance was detected between populations (R2 = 0.612, P = 0.011) and accessions (R2 = 0.499, P < 0.001). Discriminant analysis of principal components and neighbour joining consistently distinguished eight distinct clusters. These data provide a global picture of the existing genetic diversity for Kersting’s groundnut and will guide the choice of breeding strategies to increase production.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the different institutions that provided the accessions used in this study: IITA-Nigeria, INERA-Burkina-Faso, SARI-Ghana. Finally, we thank Dr. Mustapha Mohammed (Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa) for providing additional accessions from Ghana.

Funding

This research was funded by the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Grant number 18-238 RG/BIO/AF/AC_G-FR3240303667. We thank Carnegie Cooperation of New York for funding part of the work through the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) Grant number RU/2018/TQA/38.

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  1. Non-Timber Forest Products and Orphan Crop Species Unit, Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1752, Cotonou, Benin

    Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni, Eric E. Agoyi, Symphorien Agbahoungba & Achille E. Assogbadjo

  2. Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d’Analyse des Génomes (LGMAG), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 142, Abomey-Calavi, Benin

    Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni & Clément Agbangla

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Contributions

Conceptualization, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni and Eric E. Agoyi; Data curation, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni; Formal analysis, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni; Funding acquisition, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni, Symphorien Agbahoungba and Achille E. Assogbadjo; Project administration, Eric E. Agoyi; Resources, Eric E. Agoyi, Achille E. Assogbadjo and Clément Agbangla; Supervision, Achille E. Assogbadjo and Clément Agbangla; Writing – original draft, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni; Writing – review & editing, Konoutan M. Kafoutchoni, Eric E. Agoyi and Symphorien Agbahoungba.

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Kafoutchoni, K.M., Agoyi, E.E., Agbahoungba, S. et al. Genetic diversity and population structure in a regional collection of Kersting’s groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet). Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 3285–3300 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01187-4

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