Abstract
Many physiological traits are associated with grain yield and yield-related traits in wheat. The aim of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for physiological traits, including ground cover, normalized difference in vegetation index and canopy temperature depression, and closely linked molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. Two hundred and forty-six F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) come from the Zhou 8425B/Chinese Spring cross were genotyped using the high-density Illumina iSelect 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Field trials were conducted under irrigated conditions at Zhengzhou and Zhoukou in Henan province, during the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 cropping seasons. Analysis of variance of physiological traits showed significant differences (P < 0.01) among RILs, and RILs × environment interactions. Ground cover at late spring (GC-S), normalized difference in vegetation index at late spring (NDVI-S), and ground cover pre-winter (GC-W), had moderate broad-sense heritabilities of 0.66, 0.52 and 0.40, respectively. GC-S, NDVI-S and canopy temperature depression at 10 days post anthesis (CTD-10) were positively correlated with GY. Using a high-density linkage map of 5636 polymorphic SNP markers and composite interval mapping, 24 QTL for GC, NDVI and CTD were identified on 12 chromosomes, explaining 3.4–14.6 % of the phenotypic variance. Five stable QTL were detected across three environments, viz. QGC-W.caas-7AL, QNDVI-S.caas-7AL, QGC-S.caas-3AS, QCTD-A.caas-5BS and QCTD-10.caas-5BS. In addition, 10 QTL clusters were observed on chromosomes 1AL, 2AL, 2BL, 3AS, 3B (2), 4BS, 5B, 7AS, and 7AL. The stable QTL and QTL clusters were linked to SNP markers, with genetic distances to the closest SNPs ranging from 0 to 2.0 cM; these could be used for marker-assisted selection to improve yield-related traits in wheat breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Chl-10:
-
SPAD value of chlorophyll content at 10 days post anthesis
- Chl-A:
-
SPAD value of chlorophyll content at anthesis
- CTD:
-
Canopy temperature depression
- CTD-10:
-
Canopy temperature depression at 10 days post anthesis
- CTD-A:
-
Canopy temperature depression at anthesis
- GC-S:
-
Ground cover at late spring
- GC-W:
-
Ground cover pre-winter
- GWAS:
-
Genome-wide association study
- GBS:
-
Genotyping-by-sequencing
- GY:
-
Grain yield
- KNS:
-
Kernel number per spike
- MAS:
-
Marker-assisted selection
- NDVI:
-
Normalized difference in vegetation index
- NDVI-S:
-
Normalized difference in vegetation index at late spring
- NDVI-W:
-
Normalized difference in vegetation index pre-winter
- PH:
-
Plant height
- QTL:
-
Quantitative trait locus/loci
- RIL:
-
Recombinant inbred line
- SN:
-
Spike number per square meter
- SNP:
-
Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SSR:
-
Simple sequence repeat
- S.D.:
-
Standard deviation
- TKW:
-
Thousand kernel weight
References
Amani I, Fischer RA, Reynolds MP (1996) Canopy temperature depression association with yield of irrigated spring wheat cultivars in hot climate. J Agron Crop Sci 176:119–129
Araus JL, Slafer MP, Roya C, Serett MD (2008) Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation. Crit Rev Plant Sci 27:377–412
Ball AD, Stapleym J, Dawson DA, Birkhead TR, Burke T, Slate J (2010) A comparison of SNPs and microsatellites as linkage mapping markers: lessons from the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). BMC Genomics 11:218
Bellundagi A, Singh GP, Prabhu KV, Arora A, Neelu J, Ramya P, Singh AM, Singh PK, Ahlawat A (2013) Early ground cover and other physiological traits as efficient selection criteria for grain yield under moisture deficit stress conditions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ind J Plant Physiol 18:277–281
Burton GW, Devane EM (1952) Estimating heritability in tall fescue from replicated colonial material. Agron J 45:478–481
Cabral AL, Jordan MC, McCartney CA, You FM, Humphreys DG, RacLachlan R, Pozniak CJ (2014) Identification of candidate genes, regions and markers for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Plant Biol 114:340
Diab AA, Kantety RV, Ozturk NZ, Benscher D, Nachit MM, Sorrells ME (2007) Drought-inducible genes and differentially expressed sequence tags associated with components of drought tolerance in durum wheat. Sci Res Essay 3:9–26
Edae EA, Byrne PF, Haley SD, Lopes MS, Reynolds MP (2014) Genome-wide association mapping of yield and yield components of spring wheat under contrasting moisture regimes. Theor Appl Genet 127:791–807
Elshire RJ, Glaubitz JC, Sun Q, Poland JA, Kawamoto K, Buckler ES, Mitchell SE (2011) A robust, simple genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach for high diversity species. PLoS One 6:1–9
Evett SR, Howell TA, Schneider AD, Upchurch DR, Wanjura DF (1996) Canopy temperature based automated irrigation control. In Camp CR (ed) Proceedings of the international conference evaporation and irrigation scheduling, San Antonio, TX. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St Joseph, MI, pp 207–213
FAO (2011) FAOSTAT. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html#DOWNLOAD. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Accessed 23 Jul 2014
Gao FM, Wen WE, Liu JD, Rasheed A, Yin GH, Xia XC, He ZH (2015) Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for physiological traits in a RIL population derived from Zhou 8425B/Chinese Spring. Front Plant Sci 6:1099
Gupta PK, Rustgi S, Mir RR (2008) Array-based high-throughput DNA markers for crop improvement. Heredity 101:5–18
Hasheminasab H, Assad MT, Aliakbari A, Sahhafi SR (2012) Evaluation of some physiological traits associated with improved drought tolerance in Iranian wheat. Ann Biol Res 3:1719–1725
Holland JB (2007) Genetic architecture of complex traits in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10:156–161
Huang XQ, Kempf H, Ganal MW, Röder MS (2004) Advanced backcross QTL analysis in progenies derived from a cross between a German elite winter wheat variety and a synthetic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 109:933–943
Karimizadeh R, Mohammadi M (2011) Association of canopy temperature depression with yield of durum wheat genotypes under supplementary irrigated and rained conditions. Aust J Crop Sci 5:138–146
Kumar S, Kumari P, Kumar U, Grover M, Singh AK, Singh R, Sengar RS (2013) Molecular approaches for designing heat tolerant wheat. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 22:359–371
Li HH, Ye GY, Wang JK (2007) A modified algorithm for the improvement of composite interval mapping. Genetics 175:361–374
Li XM, Chen XM, Xiao YG, Xia XC, Wang DS, He ZH, Wang HJ (2014a) Identification of QTLs for seedling vigor in winter wheat. Euphytica 198:199–209
Li XM, He ZH, Xiao YG, Xia XC, Trethowan R, Wang HJ, Che XM (2014b) QTL mapping for leaf senescence-related traits in common wheat under limited and full irrigation. Euphytica 203:569–582
Liu JD, He ZH, Wu L, Bai B, Wen WE, Xie CJ, Xia XC (2015) Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust in a Chinese wheat population Linmai 2 × Zhong 892. PLoS One (on-line)
Lopes MS, Reynolds MP, McIntyre CL, Mathews KL, Jalal Kamali MR, Mossad M, Feltaous Y, Tahir ISA, Chatrath R, Ogbonnaya F, Baum M (2013) QTL for yield and associated traits in the Seri/Babax population grown across several environments in Mexico, in the West Asia, North Africa, and South Asia regions. Theor Appl Genet 126:971–984
Lu YL, Xu J, Yuan ZM, Hao ZF, Xie CX, Li XH, Shah T, Lan H, Zhang SH, Rong TZ, Xu YB (2012) Comparative LD mapping using single SNPs and haplotypes identifies QTL for plant height and biomass as secondary traits of drought tolerance in maize. Mol Breed 30:407–418
Mason RE, Hays DB, Mondal S, Ibrahim AMH, Basnet BR (2013) QTL for yield, yield components and canopy temperature depression in wheat under late sown field conditions. Euphytica 194:243–259
McCartney CA, Somers DJ, Humphreys DJ, Lukow O, Ames N, Noll J, Cloutier S, McCallum BD (2005) Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in the spring wheat cross RL 4452 × AC ‘Domain’. Genome 48:870–883
Olivares-Villegas JJ, Reynolds MP, McDonald GK (2007) Drought-adaptive attributes in the Seri/Babax hexaploid wheat population. Funct Plant Biol 34:189–203
Paliwal R, Marion SR, Kumar U, Srivastava JP, Joshi AK (2012) QTL mapping of terminal heat tolerance in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 125:561–575
Pask AJD, Pietragalla J, Mullan DM, Reynolds MP (2012) Physiological breeding II: a field guide to wheat phenotyping. CIMMYT, Mexico City
Pinto RS, Reynolds MP (2015) Common genetic basis for canopy temperature depression under heat and drought stress associated with optimized root distribution in bread wheat. Theor App Genet 128:575–585
Pinto RS, Reynolds MP, Mathews KL, McIntyre CL, Olivares-Villegas J-J, Chapman SC (2010) Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects. Theor Appl Genet 121:1001–1021
Rashid A, Stark JC, Tanveer A, Mustafa T (1999) Use of canopy temperature measurements as a screening tool for drought tolerance in spring wheat. J Agron Crop Sci 182:231–238
Rebetzke GJ, Rattey AR, Farquhar G, Richards R, Condon AG (2013) Genomic regions for canopy temperature and their genetic association with stomatal conductance and grain yield in wheat. Funct Plant Biol 40:14–33
Reynolds MP, Ortiz-Monasterio JI, Mcnab A (2001) Application of physiology in wheat breeding. CIMMYT, Mexico City
Reynolds MP, Saint Pierre C, Saad ASI, Vargas M, Condon AG (2007) Evaluating potential genetic gains in wheat associated with stress-adaptive trait expression in elite genetic resources under drought and heat stress. Crop Sci 47:S172–S189
Royo C, Villegas D, Garcia Del Moral LF, Elhani S, Aparicio N, Rharrabti Y, Araus JL (2002) Comparative performance of carbon isotope discrimination and canopy temperature depression as predictors of genotypes differences in durum wheat yield in Spain. Aust J Agric Res 53:561–569
Russo MA, Ficco DBM, Laido G, Marone D, Papa R, Blanco A, Gadaleta A, Vita PD, Mastrangelo AM (2014) A dense durum wheat × T. dicoccum linkage map based on SNP markers for the study of seed morphology. Mol Breed 34:1579–1597
Saintenac C, Jiang D, Wang S, Akhunov E (2013) Sequence-based mapping of the polyploid wheat genome. G3-Genes Genomes Genet 3:1105–1114
Sela H, Ezratim S, Ben-Yehuda P, Manisterski J, Akhunov E, Dvorak J, Breiman A, Korol A (2014) Linkage disequilibrium and association analysis of stripe rust resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) population in Israel. Theor Appl Genet 127:2453–2463
Sharma RC, Crossa J, Velu G, Huerta-Espinoc J, Vargas M, Payneb TS, Singhb RP (2012) Genetic gains for YLD in CIMMYT spring bread wheat across international environments. Crop Sci 52:1522–1533
Stamm P, Ramamoorthy R, Kumar PP (2011) Feeding the extra billions: strategies to improve crops and enhance future food security. Plant Biotechnol Rep 5:107–120
Sukumaran S, Dreisigacker S, Lopes M, Chavez P, Reynolds MP (2014) Genome-wide association study for grain yield and related traits in an elite spring wheat population grown in temperate irrigated environments. Theor Appl Genet 128:353–363
Tsilo TJ, Hareland GA, Simsek S, Chao SM, Anderson JA (2010) Genome mapping of kernel characteristics in hard red spring wheat breeding lines. Theor Appl Genet 121:717–730
Veldboom LR, Lee M (1996) Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci in maize in stress and non-stress environments: I. Grain yield and yield components. Crop Sci 36:1310–1319
Wang SC, Wong D, Forrest K, Allen A, Chao SM, Huang BE, Maccaferri M, Salvi S, Milner SG, Cattivelli L, Mastrangelo AM, Whan A, Stephen S, Barker G, Wieseke R, Plieske J, Lillemo M, Mather D, Appels R, Dolferus R, Brown-Guedira G, Korol A, Akhunova AR, Feuillet C, Salse J, Morgante M, Pozniak C, Luo MC, Dvorak J, Morell M, Dubcovsky J, Ganal M, Tuberosa R, Lawley C, Mikoulitch I, Cavanagh C, Edwards KJ, Hayden M, Akhunov E, International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (2014) Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90000 single nucleotide polymorphism array. Plant Biotechnol J 12:87–96
Xiao YG, Liu JJ, Xia XC, Chen XM, Reynolds MP, He ZH (2013) Genetic analysis of early vigour in winter wheat using digital imaging. Acta Agron Sin 39:1935–1943
Yang ZB, Bai ZY, Li XL, Wang P, Wu QX, Yang L, Li LQ, Li XJ (2012) SNP identification and allelic-specific PCR markers development for TaGW2, a gene linked to wheat kernel weight. Theor Appl Genet 125:1057–1068
Yu H, Xie W, Wang J, Xing Y, Xu CG, Li XH, Xiao JH, Zhang QF (2011) Gains in QTL detection using an ultra-high density SNP map based on population sequencing relative to traditional RFLP/SSR markers. PLoS One 6:e17595
Zhai SN, He ZH, Wen WE, Jin H, Liu JD, Zhang Y, Liu ZY, Xia XC (2015) Genome-wide linkage mapping of flour color-related traits and polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat. Theor Appl Genet 129:377–394
Acknowledgments
We thank Prof. R. A. McIntosh, Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, for review of this manuscript. This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31461143021), Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (D151100004415003), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA10A308).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, F., Liu, J., Yang, L. et al. Genome-wide linkage mapping of QTL for physiological traits in a Chinese wheat population using the 90K SNP array. Euphytica 209, 789–804 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1682-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1682-6