Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lipid composition of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) in relation to dietary lipid intake

  • Published:
Marine Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Condition indices (CI), hepatosomatic indices (HSI) and proximate, lipid and fatty acid composition of wild and laboratory-reared yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) (Storer, 1839) were compared from data taken throughout spring and summer 1996–1998. Cluster analysis was performed on the fatty acid signatures of these two groups along with a commercial diet and several invertebrate species to determine possible feeding patterns in Conception Bay, Newfoundland. HSI and levels of storage fat were significantly higher in the muscle and liver of laboratory-reared yellowtail flounder, indicating an efficient absorption of dietary lipid and an increase in fat deposition. Fatty acid analysis of the liver showed that wild fish contained significantly higher proportions of the essential fatty acids 20:4ω6, 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3; whereas proportions of 18:1 and 18:2ω6 were significantly higher in all fractions of lipid examined from laboratory-reared fish than they were from wild fish. Polar fractions of lipid were more similar than the neutral fraction of lipid when comparing wild and laboratory-reared fish. Taken together, the differences in CI, HSI, proximate and fatty acid composition suggest that feeding commercial diets to L. ferruginea can cause changes in patterns of lipid deposition and metabolism. Cluster analysis of marine plankton, sedimenting particulate matter, wild invertebrates, the commercial diet and fish tissues showed that the fatty acid signatures of both wild and laboratory-reared yellowtail flounder closely resembled their respective food items. Fatty acid signatures from wild fish were more closely related to plankton and settling particulate matter, suggesting relatively few steps in the food web leading to yellowtail flounder. In addition to the resemblance between fatty acids in the commercial diet and the tissues of laboratory-reared yellowtail flounder, these fish had similar fatty acid signatures to those of wild invertebrates.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anonymous (1997) Diet protection against fatty liver syndrome. Fish Farming International (February), p 13

  • Beninger PG, Stephan G (1985) Seasonal variations in the fatty acids of the triacylglycerols and phospholipid of two populations of adult clam (Tapes decussatus L. and T. philippinarum) reared in a common habitat. Comp Biochem Physiol B 81:591–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borobia M, Gearing PJ, Simard Y, Gearing JN, Béland P (1995) Blubber fatty acids of finback and humpback whales from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Mar Biol 122:341–353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricknell IR, Bruno DW, Bowden TJ, Smith P (1996) Fat cell necrosis syndrome in Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Aquaculture 144:65–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruno I, Costas G, González C, Paz X (2000) Feeding chronology of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on Grand Bank (NAFO Division 3N). NAFO (Northwest Atl Fash Organ) Sci Coun Stud 33:103–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Brusca RC, Brusca GJ (1990) Invertebrates. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.

  • Collie JS (1987) Food selection by yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) on Georges Bank. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 44:357–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Dos Santos J, Burkow IC, Jobling M (1993) Patterns of growth and lipid deposition in cod (Gadus morhua L.) fed natural prey and fish-based feeds. Aquaculture 110:173–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Exler J (1975) Lipids and fatty acids of important finfish: new data for proximate tables. J Am Oil Chem Soc 52:154–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folch J, Lees M, Stanley GHS (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226:497–509

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser AJ, Sargent JR, Gamble JC, Seaton DD (1989) Formation and transfer of fatty acids in an enclosed marine food chain comprising phytoplankton, zooplankton and herring (Clupea harengus L.) larvae. Mar Chem 27:1–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grant SM, Brown JA, Boyce DL (1998) Enlarged fatty livers of small juvenile cod: a comparison of laboratory cultured and wild juveniles. J Fish Biol 52:1105–1114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene DHS, Selivonchick DP (1987) Lipid metabolism in fish. Prog Lipid Res 26:53–85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haug T, Ringø E, Petersen GW (1988) Total lipid and fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids in different tissues of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.). Sarsia 73:163–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hitchcock C, Nichols BW (1971) Plant lipid biochemistry. Academic, New York

  • Iverson SJ, Frost KJ, Lowry LF (1997) Fatty acid signatures reveal fine scale structure of foraging distribution of harbour seals and their prey in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 151:255–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalogeropoulos N, Alexis MN, Henderson RJ (1991) Effect of dietary lipids on tissue fatty acid composition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). In: Kaushik SJ, Luquet P (eds) Fish nutrition in practice. Proc. IV int. symp. fish nutrition and feeding. No. 61, Les Colloques INRA, Paris, pp 257–267

  • Kennedy VS (1985) A summer benthic survey in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, emphasizing zoogeography of annelids and amphipods. Can J Zool 63:1863–1869

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsella JE (1987) Seafoods and fish oils in human health and disease. Dekker, New York

  • Kirsch PE, Iverson SJ, Don Bowen W, Kerr SR, Ackman RG (1998) Dietary effects on the fatty acid signature of whole Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 55:1378–1386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosutarak P, Kanazawa A, Teshima S-I, Koshio S (1995) Interactions of L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate-Mg and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on Japanese flounder juveniles. Fish Sci (Tokyo) 61:860–866

    Google Scholar 

  • Krzynowek J, Murphy J (1987) Proximate composition, energy, fatty acid, sodium, and cholesterol content of finfish, shellfish, and their products. NOAA Tech Rep NMFS 55:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Langton RW, Bowman RE (1981) Food of eight Northwest Atlantic pleuronectiform fishes. NOAA (Natl Ocean Atmos Adm) Tech Rep NMFS (Natl Mar Fish Serv) SSRF (Spec Sci Rep Fish) 749

  • Lee RF, Nevenzel JC, Paffenhöfer G-A (1971) Importance of wax esters and other lipids in the marine food chain: phytoplankton and copepods. Mar Biol 9:99–201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libey GS, Cole CF (1979) Food habits of yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea (Storer). J Fish Biol 15:371–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Lie Ø, Lied E, Lambertson G (1986) Liver retention of fat and of fatty acids in cod fed different oils. Aquaculture 59:187–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martell DJ, McClelland G (1992) Diets of sympatric flatfishes, Hippoglossoides platessoides, Pleuronectes ferrugineus, Pleuronectes americanus, from Sable Island Bank, Canada. J Fish Biol 44:821–848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayzaud P, Chanut JP, Ackman RG (1989) Seasonal changes of the biochemical composition of marine particulate matter with special reference to fatty acids and sterols. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 56:189–204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morais S, Bell JG, Robertson DA, Roy WJ, Morris PC (2001) Protein/lipid ratios in extruded diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.): effects on growth, feed, utilisation, muscle composition and liver histology. Aquaculture 203:101–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najdek M, Puškarić S, Bochdansky AB (1994) Contribution of zooplankton lipids to the flux of organic matter in the northern Adriatic Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 111:241–249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanton DA, Lall SP, McNiven MA (2001) Effects of dietary lipid level on liver and muscle lipid deposition in juvenile haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. Aquac Res 32[Suppl 1]:225–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson MM, Mooney BD, Nichols PD, Phleger CF (2001) Lipids of Antarctic Ocean amphipods: food chain interactions and the occurrence of novel biomarkers. Mar Chem 73:53–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Om AD, Umino T, Nakagawa H, Sasaki T, Okada K, Asano M, Nakagawa A (2001) The effects of dietary EPA and DHA fortification on lipolysis activity and physiological function in juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli (Bleeker). Aquac Res 32[Suppl 1] 255–262

  • Owen JM, Adron JW, Sargent JR, Cowey CB (1972) Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The effect of dietary fatty acids on the tissue fatty acids of the plaice Pleuronectes platessa. Mar Biol 13:160–166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrish CC (1998) Lipid biogeochemistry of plankton, settling matter and sediments in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. I. Lipid classes. Org Geochem 29:1531–1545

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrish CC, Yang Z, Lau A, Thompson RJ (1996) Lipid composition of Yoldia hyperborea (Protobranchia), Nephtys ciliata (Nephtyidae) and Artacama proboscidea (Terebellidae) living at sub-zero temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol B 114:59–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt TK (1974) Age composition and growth of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) from the Grand Bank. J Fish Res Board Can 31:1800–1802

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt TK (1976) Food of yellowtail flounder on the Grand Bank and a comparison with American plaice. ICNAF Res Bull 12:23–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Post G (1987) Textbook of fish health. T.F.H. Publications, Montreal, pp 233–234

  • Russell PM, Davies SJ, Gouveia A, Tekinay AA (2001) Influence of dietary starch source on liver morphology in juvenile cultured European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Aquac Res 32[Suppl 1]:306–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Sargent JR, Parkes RJ, Mueller-Harvey I, Henderson RJ (1988) Lipid biomarkers in marine ecology. In: Sleigh MA (ed) Microbes in the sea. Horwood, Chichester, pp 119–138

  • Sargent JR, Henderson RJ, Tocher DR (1989) The lipids. In: Fish nutrition. Academic, New York

  • Scott WB, Scott MG (1988) Atlantic fishes of canada. Can Bull Fish Aquat Sci 219:1–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Shearer KD (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids. Aquaculture 119:63–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan EM, Sheehy PJA, Morrissey PA, Fitzgerald R (1994) Compositional analysis on wild and farmed turbot, and fish feeds in Ireland. In: Lavens P, Remmerswaal RAM (eds) Turbot culture: problems and prospects. Special publication 22, European Aquaculture Society, Ghent, Belgium, pp 302–311

  • Steele DH, Lilly GR (1999) Predation by cod (Gadus morhua) on amphipod crustaceans in the northwestern Atlantic. Vie Milieu 49:309–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuene S, Nortvedt R (1995) Feed intake, growth and feed conversion efficiency of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.). Aquac Nutr 1:27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Weatherley AH, Gill HS (1987) The biology of fish growth. Academic, Toronto

  • Winkler Villarreal B, Rosenblum PM, Fries LT (1994) Fatty acid profiles in red drummuscle: comparison between wild and cultured fish. Trans Am Fish Soc 123:194–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Zar JH (1974) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hal, Engelwood Cliffs, N.J.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation and Fishery Products International, for funding this research, and also thank the technical staff at the Ocean Sciences Centre. The authors also wish to thank S. Lall at NRC for reading a previous version of this manuscript and S. Budge at Dalhousie University for discussions on cluster analysis. This paper was partially funded by an award from the Memorial University publication subvention program. The experiments in this study comply with the current laws of Canada.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, P.O. Box 5667, St. John's, NF, A1C 5X1, Canada

    K. S. Dwyer

  2. Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1C 5S7, Canada

    K. S. Dwyer, C. C. Parrish & J. A. Brown

Authors
  1. K. S. Dwyer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. C. Parrish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. A. Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. S. Dwyer.

Additional information

Communicated by J.P. Grassle, New Brunswick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dwyer, K.S., Parrish, C.C. & Brown, J.A. Lipid composition of yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) in relation to dietary lipid intake. Marine Biology 143, 659–667 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1101-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1101-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation