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Preparative Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Lichens

  • Chapter
Protocols in Lichenology

Part of the book series: Springer Lab Manuals ((SLM))

Abstract

Ultrastructural study of lichen symbionts can provide valuable information about symbiotic performance complementary to that obtained using other techniques (Lallemant et al. 1986). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was first used to describe the cellular organelles of both symbionts (Jacobs and Ahmadjian 1969; Boissière 1972; Galun et al. 1970, 1974; Peveling 1973, 1974, 1976; Ascaso and Galvan 1975, 1976). Later, different aspects of lichen symbiosis were studied, for example cellular membranes and cell wall with the freeze-etching electron microscopy technique (Ellis and Brown 1972; Peveling and Robenek 1980; Ascaso et al. 1985; Honegger 1986a; Rapsch et al. 1986). TEM has contributed to the understanding of different types of mycobiont-photobiont relationships in lichens, e.g. by observing the physical contacts between symbionts (for reviews see Honegger 1984, 1985, 1986b). The study of storage bodies in both symbionts provides indirect information on biotrophic relationships (Valladares and Ascaso 1994). Some authors have described the variability of lichen ultrastructure in relation to season or environment (Holopainen 1982; Scott and Larson 1986; Fiechter and Honegger 1988; Balaguer et al. 1999). In some investigations, TEM techniques have revealed structural changes due to different experimental conditions, ranging from desiccation to environmental pollution (Eversman and Sigal 1984, 1987; Ascaso et al. 1986, 1988; Brown et al. 1987, 1988; Balaguer et al. 1996, 1997; Tarhanen et al. 1997).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales (CSIC), Serrano 115 dpdo, Madrid, 28006, Spain

    Asunción de los Ríos & Carmen Ascaso

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  1. Asunción de los Ríos
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  2. Carmen Ascaso
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Ilse C. Kranner

  2. School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal, PBag X01, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, Republic of South Africa

    Richard P. Beckett

  3. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India

    Ajit K. Varma

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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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de los Ríos, A., Ascaso, C. (2002). Preparative Techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Lichens. In: Kranner, I.C., Beckett, R.P., Varma, A.K. (eds) Protocols in Lichenology. Springer Lab Manuals. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56359-1_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56359-1_7

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