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Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

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Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research

Synonyms

Sleep quality and disturbance

Definition

Sleep quality disturbances are experienced by over 30 % of the population at some time (Morin, LeBlanc, Daley, Gregoire, & Mérette, 2006; Morphy, Dunn, Lewis, Boardman, & Croft, 2007). Sleep disturbance complaints are important to diagnose so treatments can be initiated early. Furthermore, sleep difficulties may also be associated with a range of medical or psychiatric disorders.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), developed by Buysee and colleagues (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989), is a self-administered questionnaire that measures sleep quality and disturbance over a 1-month period. It is appropriate for use by adolescents as well as adults.

Description

The PSQI was developed to give a reliable and valid sleep quality index that is easily interpretable by both clinicians and researchers. It also discriminates between “good” and “poor” sleepers.

The PSQI comprises 19 self-rated items as well as a further five...

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References

  • Backhaus, J., Junghanns, K., Broocks, A., Reimann, D., & Hohagen, F. (2002). Test-retest and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 737–740.

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  • Buysee, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Hoch, C. C., Yeager, A. L., & Kipfer, D. J. (1991). Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sleep, 14, 331–338.

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  • Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. F. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213.

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  • Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. F. (2000). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In A. J. Rush et al. (Eds.), APA task force. Handbook of psychiatric measures (pp. 678–680). Washington, DC: APA.

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  • Buysee, D. J., Hall, M. L., Strollo, P. J., Kamarck, T. W., Owens, J., Lee, L., et al. (2008). Relationships between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and clinical/polysomnographic measures in a community sample. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4, 563–571.

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  • Carpenter, J. S., & Andrykowski, M. A. (1998). Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45, 5–13.

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  • Gentili, A., Weiner, D. K., Kuchibhatla, M., & Edinger, J. D. (1995). Test-retest reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 43, 1317–1318.

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  • Grandner, M. A., Kripke, D. F., Yoon, I.-Y., & Youngstedt, S. D. (2006). Criterion validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Investigation in a non-clinical sample. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 4, 129–136.

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  • Knuston, K. L., Rathouz, P. J., Yan, L. L., Liu, K., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2006). Stability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Questionnaire over 1 year in early middle-aged adults: The CARDIA study. Sleep, 29, 1503–1506.

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  • Morin, M. A., LeBlanc, M., Daley, M., Gregoire, J. P., & Mérette, C. (2006). Epidemiology of insomnia: Prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors. Sleep Medicine, 7, 123–130.

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  • Morphy, H., Dunn, K. M., Lewis, M., Boardman, H. F., & Croft, P. R. (2007). Epidemiology of insomnia: A longitudinal study in a UK population. Sleep, 30(3), 274–280.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia

    Leon Lack & Helen Wright

Authors
  1. Leon Lack
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  2. Helen Wright
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leon Lack .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada

    Alex C. Michalos

  2. (residence), Brandon, MB, Canada

    Alex C. Michalos

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Lack, L., Wright, H. (2014). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2173

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2173

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0752-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-007-0753-5

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