Clinical Applications of Antioxidants

Ji-Hoon Park; Gi Ryang Kweon

doi:10.7599/hmr.2013.33.2.130

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Park and Kweon: Clinical Applications of Antioxidants

Review Article

Hanyang Medical Reviews 2013; 33(2): 130-136.

Published online: 23 May 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2013.33.2.130

Clinical Applications of Antioxidants

Ji-Hoon Park, Gi Ryang Kweon

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.

Correspondence to: Gi Ryang Kweon. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 226 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-747, Korea. Tel: +82-42-580-8351, Fax: +82-42-580-8212, mitochondria@cnu.ac.kr

Received 11 March 2013 Revised 26 April 2013 Accepted 30 April 2013

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are natural by-products of cellular physiological processes involving metabolism of compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen, respectively. Physiological defense mechanisms against ROS/RNS readily convert them into water or urea, but dysregulation of ROS/RNS production damages cells resulting in abnormal conditions such as uncontrolled growth or cell death. ROS/RNS are closely related to the development of a variety of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, vascular disease and chronic inflammation. Thus, it has been proposed that the removal of ROS/RNS may prevent or treat oxidative stress-induced diseases. Some antioxidant molecules are synthesized in the body, while others are obtained from food in the diet including fruits, vegetables, meat and even in natural water. In addition to the natural antioxidants, synthetic antioxidants have been modified from natural chemicals so as to increase bioavailability to target organs and increase stability in the air. In developing novel antioxidants for therapeutic use, some factors to consider are: 1) improved efficacy; 2) low side effects (comparatively clear mechanism); 3) competitive price and 4) improved convenience of dosing. In this review, we will discuss the issues mentioned above and the use of antioxidants in clinical application.

Keywords: Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Antioxidants, Clinical Trial

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Production of ROS/RNS and antioxidant system. NO, nitric oxide; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Fig. 2

Structures of antioxidant molecules. EGCG, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-galate; MitoQ, Mitoquinone.

Table 1

Antioxidants and the Clinical Applications to the Diseases

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