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  • 學位論文

黃檗山與茶文化

Tea Culture in Huangbo Mountains

指導教授 : 殷善培

摘要


我們常聽到「天下兩黃檗」、「東西兩黃檗」,其實黃檗有三,即:福建福清、江西宜豐、京都宇治之黃檗山,此三座黃檗山蘊育臨濟宗、臨濟宗黃檗派、黃檗宗,實為佛教重要之道場。福清黃檗山作為天下黃檗山佛教道場之源流始於唐代,至明末清初發展黃檗派教團,東傳日本後,蘊育出日本三大禪宗派別(臨濟宗、曹洞宗、黃檗宗)之一。   福建黃檗山是另二座黃檗山道場之源頭,然以人來說,是唐代黃檗希運大振禪風,才使得天下黃檗之名廣為流傳。黃檗禪師與福清、江西黃檗山皆有因緣,前者為其出家之地,後者為其弘法之地。江西黃檗山之命名由來,更因其思念福清家鄉的黃檗山,故以黃檗山(寺)之名取代鷲峰山(寺)。希運禪師禪風廣被,後人稱為黃檗宗風。尤其在福建黃檗寺志中,可以看到福建黃檗山萬福禪寺在明崇禎年間(1628-1644),表現出以唐代黃檗希運禪師為法脈始祖而確立法系源流的強烈意識。因此日後言黃檗禪茶者,皆與江西黃檗禪師之禪法密不可分。   本文以黃檗山與茶文化為主題,關注江西、福建、京都三座黃檗山與茶文化,探討寺院環境、禪師之禪茶思想等。三座黃檗山皆是佛教聖地,亦皆與茶有其因緣,因緣或深或淺,但對茶文化而言,實為重要之一環。其重要之意義,在於對中國禪茶之繼承外,更促使日本煎茶道之形成。   全文共計五章,分為「緒論」、「江西黃檗山之茶文化」、「福建、京都黃檗山之茶文化」、「黃檗宗之煎茶意識」、「結語」,由此探討黃檗山與茶文化之關係。

並列摘要


Though it is often known as "the world of two Huangbos" and "the east and west of Huangbos," there are, in fact, three Huangbos - China Fujian Fuqing, China Jiangxi Yifeng, and Japan Kyoto Uji. They have developed critical Buddhist schools: Linji school, Linji school Huangbo sect, and Huangbo school. Fuqing Huangbo Mountain became a Bodhimanda from Tang Dynasty and developed into the Huangbo section in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. After being spread to Japan, the Huangbo sect became one of Japan's three primary Zen schools: Linji school, Caodong school, and Huangbo school.   The Fujian Huangbo Mountain is the roots of the other two temples of the Huangbo Mountains. However, it was the Zen Master Huangbo Xiyun Tang Dynasty that made the name of Huangbo famous in the world. Zen Master Xiyun is related to both Huangbo Mountains in Fuqing and Jiangxi. The former is the origin of his monkhood, and the latter is the place that he spreads Dharma. The former name of Huangbo Mountain in Jiangxi is Jiufeng Mountain (temple), and Master Xiyun renamed it Huangbo Mountain (temple) because he missed the Huangbo Mountain in his hometown Fuqing. The Zen Master Xiyun expanded Zen Buddhism widely and was later known as the style of Obaku. Especially in the history of Temple in Fujian, it can be noticed that during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty (1628-1644). The Wanfu Temple of Huangbo Mountain in Fujian showed a strong sense of establishing the source of the legal system with Zen Master Huangbo Xiyun in the Tang Dynasty as the ancestor of the Dharma line. Therefore, those who talk about Huangbo Zen tea in the future are inseparable from the Zen method of Jiangxi Huangbo Zen master.   This thesis takes Huangbo Mountains and tea culture as the theme focusing on the three Huangbo Mountains and tea culture Jiangxi, Fujian, and Kyoto, discussed the temple environments and the thought of Zen tea further. All three of the Houngbo Mountains are Buddhist sacred places and have a relationship with tea, which may be deep or shallow, but it is an essential link for tea culture. Its important significance lies in the inheritance of Chinese Zen tea and the formation of the Japanese Sencha Ceremony.   The full text included five chapters, which are divided into "Introduction," "Tea Culture of Huangbo Mountain in Jiangxi," "Tea Culture of Huangbo Mountain in Fujian and Kyoto," "Obaku and its Sencha consciousness," and "Conclusion," exploring the relationship between Huangbo Mountain and tea culture.

參考文獻


中文文獻(依姓氏筆畫排列)
一、古籍文獻
(唐)封演:《封氏見聞記》(上海:商務書局,1936年12月)。
(唐)王敷:《茶酒論》,收錄於《敦煌變文》(京都:中文出版社, 1978年10月)。
(唐)陸羽:《茶經》,收錄於布目潮渢:《中國茶書全集》(上卷)

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