Good innovation ability is the foundation for becoming an entrepreneur. This research continues the scale of innovation ability developed by Chen Tianyu (2019), which to measures entrepreneurs’ innovation ability, and compares the difference between serendipity and scientific literacy. In this study, serendipity and scientific literacy are taken as the connotation of innovation ability, and grit and self-actualization are taken as the basis for entrepreneurial success, in which to understand the effect of innovation ability on entrepreneurial success is discussed. The questionnaire is distributed to entrepreneurs who have been in Taiwan, with 379 samples. SPSS and AMOS adopt to data analysis, and verify the reliability and fit of the scale with the appropriate index, and its value is up to the standard. Then the structural equation model is used to explore the impact of the two core factors of serendipity and scientific literacy on entrepreneurial success. And the adjustment effect of the number of startups on the model. The results are as follows: 1. The entrepreneur’s serendipity has a positive and significant effect on grit. 2. The entrepreneur’s serendipity has a positive and significant effect on self-actualization. 3. The entrepreneur’s scientific literacy has a positive and significant effect on grit. 4. The number of start-ups has a moderating effect on serendipity on self-actualization. Therefore, this study suggests that entrepreneurs who want to create a successful business must have good innovation behavior, and in which serendipity measurement that better than scientific literacy measurement for entrepreneurs. In addition, supplemented by grit and belief in self-actualization to succeed in competition.