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  • 學位論文

應用Encke法進行軌道維持

Satellite Station Keeping Using Encke's Method

指導教授 : 蕭富元

摘要


本論文主要探討如何應用Encke 法來進行衛星的軌道維持任務。一般來說,近地衛星通常位在 300 ~ 800 公里高的高空,環繞地球運行。雖然在這個高度的大氣密度已經相當小,但空氣阻力對衛星軌道的影響,長期累積下來仍然非常可觀。若要讓任務能夠順利執行,則每當衛星掉出可接受的高度差,必須進行軌道維持的操作。在軌道設計階段,為了估算軌道維持所需的燃料,必須對於軌道維持的次數與強度先做基本估計。 本論文以一虛擬衛星任務作為探討範例,日後真實的衛星任務可援用相同的方法進行探討。首先此一虛擬衛星以霍曼轉換 (Hohmann Transfer) 來進行軌道轉移,以評估軌道轉換後,剩餘的燃料是否足夠進行軌道維持。接著對大氣阻力與太陽擾動進行探討。在了解各項擾動之後,以 Encke 法來估算衛星軌道衰減程度,最後提供一個範例來示範軌道維持的方法與所需燃料。本研究日後可應用於軌道初步設計時,所需燃料的估算。

並列摘要


This thesis investigates the application of Encke’s methods to the maneuver of station keeping. In general, a low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite orbits the earth at the altitude of 300 to 800 km. Even though the air density is quite low at such a height, the influence of air drag to the orbit is still quite huge due to long time accumulation. In order to maintain the height of the satellite, a station-keeping maneuver should be performed if the satellite falls out the acceptable region. At the phase of preliminary orbit design, the numbers and total fuel cost of station keeping should be estimated to approximate the fuel to carry for the whole mission. This thesis approaches the problem with a case study. A virtual satellite mission is investigated in the thesis. However, the methodology is applicable to all space missions in the future. At beginning, the satellite is performed an orbit transfer with Hohmann transfer to simulate a real space mission, where the main fuel is used for the orbit transfer and the remaining fuel is used for station keeping. Then the air density, the drag coefficient, and influence of solar activities are studied. With the knowledge of potential disturbances, the Enche’s method is employed to estimate the decay of the orbit radius. At the end of the thesis, an virtual space mission is presented as an example to demonstrate how Enche’s method can be employed for the maneuvers of station keeping. The results of this thesis are potentially applicable to estimate the fuel to carry in the perspective space missions.

參考文獻


[1] 張莉雪,中華衛星三號軌道擾動力模式,交通大學碩士論文,新竹市,
[2] 林聰成,不同大氣密度模式對低空人造衛星軌道的影響,成功大學碩士
論文,台南市,2000.
[3] Marcel J.Sidi,Spacecraft dynamics and control,New York,1997

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