行動支付及影響普惠金融因素實證分析-以亞洲國家為例

隨著科技的來臨與進步，本論文欲藉由行動支付來縮小貧富差距以及拉近在亞洲國家較難使用這項服務的人的距離，並結合了普惠金融來做探討。本文應用OLS模型及縱橫資料迴歸模型，根據世界銀行裡面的普惠金融資料庫進行推算統計，來探討2011、2014及2017各三年間的資料預測，以非先進國家之亞洲地區16國作為研究標的。在研究期間中，採用此16國家對於金融機構帳戶及行動帳戶的性別、教育程度及所得來預測及分析各國所需之普惠程度，並以15歲以上在金融機構有帳戶的國家比例為研究目的來探討變數對於普惠金融顯著的影響。實證結果表明，行動支付與普惠金融雙方面存在關聯性，並對雙方有顯著之效果；在非先進之亞洲國家擁有金融機構帳戶及行動帳戶之性別、教育程度、所得對15歲以上的成年人受普惠程度越高，亦證明金融越普及，亦呈現正向影響的關係。建議可藉由提高行動支付比例讓沒有金融機構帳戶的民眾也能享受到金融服務。

關鍵字

行動支付；普惠金融；縱橫資料模型；世界銀行資料庫

並列摘要

With the advance of science and technology, this study intends to narrow down the gap between the rich and the poor through mobile payments, and combines financial inclusion for discussion. Hecnce, this study apply the OLS Model and the Panel-Data Regression Model to calculate data based on the financial inclusion database in the World Bank, and discusses about the data forecasts on 2011, 2014, and 2017, targeting on 16 undeveloped Asian countries. In this research, we predict and analysis the financial inclusion level of these 16 countries by gender, education and income of the financial institution account and Mobile money account. In addition, we also discuss the significant influence of the financial inclusion from the variables above, including gender, education and income, under the purpose of ratio of account whose owner is above 15 years old. Empirical results show that, there is relevance between mobile payments and financial inclusion with significant influence. The more accounts of financial institution and mobile money are in these non-advanced countries, the higher ratio of financial inclusion level in those above 15 years old, which also proves positive correlation with availability of finance. We suggest that someone without account can take the service of finance by increase of the ratio of mobile payments.