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  • 學位論文

小型彈藥處理程序與銅鉛回收

Procedures for Copper and Lead recovery from wasted ammunition

指導教授 : 陳俊成

摘要


隨著科技進步人們為了抵禦敵人捍衛自己家園或武力征服全世界進而創造了彈藥,歷史上擁有更多武力就等於擁有掌控別人的權利所以各國製造大量的彈藥,然而隨著人文意識的崛起,戰爭已不是解決方法的必須作為故從一戰二戰或是越戰等武裝衝突延留下所剩餘的彈藥都將面對大量預期以致使用品質不穩定危害使用人員的問題。 本研究以電化學方法處理單顆小型廢棄彈藥為基礎,改善擴大彈藥批次處理數量並再造其經濟價值回收銅、鉛價值金屬,藉由操作參數改變進而得到不同影響的結果因素,衡量最佳處理及回收條件,最後利用最佳實驗結果設計更大的處理裝置雛形。實驗分為兩大部分,一為操作時間訂為3小時觀察,另一則為將操作時間拉長至彈藥完全溶出時間11小時(利用Faraday's Law計算),3小時實驗可以比較出電解液濃度、電流大小、陰極電流密度、彈藥型號不同等的設計參數好壞,再利用3小時的實驗規劃出將實驗拉長至11小時後所需的參數條件即可比較回收率好壞以及電解液回收問題,而實驗特別處還有電解槽設計,電解槽以滾動式陽極(陰極靜止)與靜止式陽極(陰極轉動)分為兩組不同實驗,在此比較操作參數設計為,電解液濃度: 0.5M與1M硫酸溶液,電流大小: 2.5安培與3安培,陰極電流密度: 22.59 mA/cm2、27.1 mA/cm2、50.11 mA/cm2以及彈藥型號: 9mm、 .22 Long Rifle cartridge、 .223 caliber Remington cartridge、.45 Auto,以及為了改善電解液組成所選擇的陽極電解槽材質: 不鏽鋼網、塑膠管、尼龍網袋。 實驗結果得出電解液選用1M硫酸溶液,0.5M電解液雖然在3小時內析出銅粉量較多但是在11小時實驗中0.5M的硫酸溶液會有電解質不足之現象故再需添加電解質穩定電壓等程序。電流大小由於影響因素結果不大故選用較低電流的2.5安培(能源消耗較少)為操作條件。電流密度測得27.1 mA/cm2的陰極電流效率為較好的結果而並非電流密度越大越好或是越小越好。彈藥型號部分是在比較不同彈藥是否影響陽極電解溶出實驗結果證實均不影響並且陽極電流效率皆為百分之百,故此套程序對於彈藥溶出是很有效得辦法,目前彈藥處理技術尚未有此種類似程序,均為較簡易的金屬回收或是推進劑再利用等等,美國國防部指出處理一頓廢棄彈藥可得2000美元,而此研究程序不僅可以得到政府所發放補助金,並且能將回收的純銅與鉛金屬以予變賣而此將帶來無限商機。 關鍵字:電化學、彈藥、銅回收、法拉第定律、陽極鈍化

並列摘要


This study is based on electrochemical treatment of a single small wasted ammunition , improving the number of ammunition batches processed and recreating its economic value to recover copper and lead-value metals. Optimal processing and recovery conditions by changing operating parameters , and finally the larger experimental device prototype is designed using the best experimental results. The experiment is divided into two parts,one is to observe the operation time for 3 hours, and the other is to extend the operation time to 11 hours in order to completely dissolve the ammunition (calculated by Faraday's Law). The 3-hour experiment can compare the design parameters such as electrolyte concentration, current magnitude, cathode current density, and ammunition model. Then use the 3-hour experiment to plan the parameters required to stretch the experiment to 11 hours. Compare the recovery rate and the electrolyte recovery problem, and the experiment has special design of the electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell is divided into two groups of experiments with a rolling anode (cathode stationary) and a stationary anode (cathode rotating). The experimental operating parameters were designed as electrolyte concentration: 0.5M and 1M sulfuric acid solution, current size: 2.5 amps and 3 amps, cathode current density: 22.59 mA/cm2, 27.1 mA/cm2, 50.11 mA/cm2, and ammunition model: 9 mm, .22 Long Rifle cartridge, .223 caliber Remington cartridge, .45 Auto,and anode cell material selected to improve electrolyte composition: stainless , plastic , nylon. Experimental results The electrolyte is preferably a 1M sulfuric acid solution. Although the 0.5M electrolyte has a large amount of copper powder precipitated within 3 hours, in the 11-hour experiment, there is electrolyte in the 0.5M sulfuric acid solution. Insufficient phenomenon, it is necessary to add a procedure to stabilize the voltage of the electrolyte. The effect of the current magnitude is small, so 2.5 amps with lower current (less energy consumption) is used as the operating condition. The current density measured by the cathode current efficiency of 27.1 mA/cm2 is a good result, not the larger the current density, the better or the smaller the better. Different ammunition models are used to compare whether different ammunitions affect the anode electrolytic dissolution. The experimental results prove that they are not affected and the anode current efficiency is 100%. Therefore, this set of procedures is very effective for ammunition dissolution. At present, there is no such similar procedure in ammunition treatment technology, which is simple metal recovery or propellant recycling. The US Department of Defense points out that it can get $2,000 for a disposal of abandoned ammunition, and this research procedure can not only get the government. The grant of subsidies and the ability to sell recycled copper and lead metals will bring unlimited business opportunities.

參考文獻


[1] Ian Biddle ,April 2014 ,Environmentally Responsible SAA Disposal
[2] Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center, “REVIEW OF DEMILITARISATION AND DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES FOR MUNITIONS AND RELATED MATERIALS”, 2006
[3] United States Government Accountability Office, “Improved Data and Information Sharing Could Aid in DOD’s Management of Ammunition Categorized for Disposal”, 2015
[4] Small Arms Survey, ” An Introduction to Mobile and Transportable Industrial Ammunition Demilitarization Equipment”, 2013
[5] Copper Electroplating and Faraday’s Law

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