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  • 學位論文

三維拍翼飛行器在大雨影響下性能參數最佳化研究

On the Optimization Performance Study of 3-D Flapping Aerial Vehicle under the Heavy Rain Condition

指導教授 : 宛同

摘要


隨著航空技術的發展日漸迅速,拍撲翼微飛行器已成為目前甚受歡迎的研究主題,一般而言,拍撲翼飛行器具有重量輕及體積小之特點,其小尺度的特性特別適合應用在軍事任務等較隱密用途,此特性對於情搜救難等更具重要性。另一方面,近年來極端氣候變得越來越顯著,因此本篇論文考慮天氣及環境影響,以估算這些因素如何影響拍撲翼飛行器飛行性能,本研究團隊長期專注於天氣環境領域的研究,分析不同氣候條件下之影響程度,為了瞭解拍撲翼飛行器在大雨環境下的影響,吾人推導出其性能方程式,以量化參數來衡量其飛行性能。欲理解拍撲翼運動的物理行為,吾人承襲以往研究成果,首先驗證拍撲翼二維“figure-eight”運動模式,接著驗證三維蝴蝶外形在無風無雨情況下的性能,並考量此蝴蝶身體與翅膀均擺動之狀況,之後對於不同大氣條件下的三維蝴蝶型運動參數進行數值模擬與比較,最後再以克利金最佳化方法來找出傾盆大雨下如何控制頻率變化以維持定速前飛的運動模式。吾人使用基於有限體積法(FVM)的計算流體力學軟體ANSYS Fluent v16.0來模擬蝴蝶周圍的流場現象,並搭配了編譯的UDF(User-Defined-Function)來控制其蝴蝶的拍撲模式,大雨的二相流模式以Discrete Phase Model (DPM)來建構,比較晴朗以及傾盆大雨天氣下的升阻力係數差異,進而利用Matlab計算並比較其性能差異性,再以最佳化Kriging方法算出在傾盆大雨下,必須提升多少的拍撲頻率以將性能提升到晴朗天氣下的原始狀態,最後並比較二者之能量差異值,進而了解能量供應器必須額外付出多少能量,才能將拍撲翼飛行器拉回至晴朗天氣下之飛行模式。相信在本研究中獲得的量化資訊,將在未來惡劣天氣下的拍撲翼飛行器最佳化設計上提供若干設計參考,並了解欲維持其飛行性能而減少的飛行滯空時間。

並列摘要


As the development of aerospace engineering technology progress more rapidly, now one of the most popular topics is Flapping-Wing Aerial Vehicle. Generally, it has light-weight and small size characteristics, and its small scale is particularly suited for the military mission. On the other hand, the recently extreme weather is becoming worse and worse, thus current work considers the climate and environment effects to measure and calculate how much degradation the environment affects the performance of flapping-wing aircraft. Our research team has studied the impact of weather factors for a long time and collected lots experiences in the analysis of different climatic conditions. In order to realize how much environmental impact does affect, we derive the flight vehicle energy equation to measure its flight performance in terms of a quantitative parameter. To understand the flapping motion physical behavior, the 2-D “figure-eight” flapping airfoil motions are first validated, and then the 3-D butterfly performance parameter under different atmospheric conditions are numerically simulated and compared. Both the butterfly body and wing flapping motions are activated and implemented in current research. Our selection of software is ANSYS FLUENT arranging in pairs with UDF (User-Defined-Function) and DPM (Discrete Phase Model) to fulfill this study. After compared the difference between the weather under no rain condition and heavy rain condition, the code which written in Matlab is taken to calculate its performance. From the difference of performance parameter under clear weather and heavy rain condition, it can show how much flapping frequency it has to be increased to maintain the same flight condition under clear weather. Compared the energy loss between clear weather and heavy rain condition to know how much energy the energy supply device should pay under the heavy rain condition. It is believed that the quantitative information gained in this work will be useful in the later optimal design of flapping wing aerial vehicle under some severe weather situations.

參考文獻


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