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  • 學位論文

數位製造技術與方法研究

A Study on Digital Fabrication Technologies and Methods

指導教授 : 陳珍誠 陸金雄

摘要


建築發展與工業技術趨勢一脈相承,歷代工業革命所引領的經濟效應,則與社會消費趨勢有著連動關係。現代主義衍生而來的大規模建築系統,強調精細分工和快速製造。而當前工業技術與科技趨勢的革命浪潮,引導建築產業不斷更新製造技術。第三次工業革命結合資通訊技術的各種創新研發,使後工業時代的建築設計,得以結合電腦輔助設計、電腦輔助製造、電腦輔助工程等數位程序概念進行系統化生產。當麻省理工學院帶動自造者風潮,德國工業4.0Industrie 4.0與美國企業大數據Big Data應用引發全球「第四次工業革命」,信息技術與網絡科技進入急遽成長期,從而影響建築數位製造設計的工具與程序,帶動建築設計與新科技協作的嘗試。「數位製造」技術與方法的「量身訂製」,成為建築設計沒有標準答案時突破框架的成果。 建築產業採納電腦輔助設計與製造,被建築史視為意義重大的程序轉變。本研究闡述數位製造的技術原理、方法與材料應用,並以相關案例與文獻回顧,探討科技趨勢下,數位製造促進的建築領域的「典範轉移」與專業適應性,包括整合資通訊科技軟硬體、建構跨領域技術平台、輔助設計脫離無重力虛擬環境 、展望數位時代構築美學。建築設計與數位製造的程序系統變化,促進設計與技術的結合,材料、工法、結構與機具成為設計思維的基礎。 數位製造重新定義與整合工業製造邏輯,使傳統建築生產程序面臨重大挑戰。相較於經濟效益導向的實務界,建築學院提供眾多實驗研究與理論發展;設計者得以透過編程與各種方法,進行「由上而下」或「由下而上」的邏輯創建。本研究最終以尺度、工具、材料、典範移轉、優化競爭等面向,思考數位製造在建築設計中的意義與趨勢。設計者須具備抽象思考的設計描述力,與控制叢集型設計結果的能力。透過建築教育、營建自動化、遠端製造與勞動力市場的展望分析,勾勒新興科技蓬勃發展下數位製造的發展輪廓。自「數位製造」技術與方法發端,建築師與設計者將獲得更多工具方法,搭建傳統工藝與現代構築的橋樑,奠定產業領域更深厚、更寬廣的技術底蘊。

並列摘要


Architecture has been developing hand in hand with industrial technology. Economic takeoffs led by generations of industrial revolutions were co-related to consuming trends in the society. The large-scale building construction system derived from modernism, emphasizing delicate division of labour and rapid manufacturing. The revolutionary trends of current industrial technology and technical advances have been driving the architecture industry to continuously upgrade manufacturing technology. The third industrial revolution combined fruits of innovative R&D of information and communication technology (ICT), and architecture in post-industrial age has been combining with systematic manufacturing procedures, including computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer-aided engineering (CAE). When Maker Movement was ushered in by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIA) and the Fourth Industrial Revolution took shape because of Industrie 4.0 of Germany and Big Data introduced by the US enterprises, the growing importance of information technologies has become widespread. Hence, the tools and procedures of digital fabrication have been trending the collaboration of architectural design and new technologies. When architectural design procedure is integrated with rapid manufacturing, independent procedure and smaller-scale of manufacturing becomes possible, so to meet demands in detail-oriented delicate design and customized manufacturing. Therefore, “Tailor-made” has become the brainchild that transcended boundaries and added values for customers with digital technology when no standard solution is readily available for an architectural problem. The adoption of CAD/CAM processes in the architectural industry has been considered as a redical shifts in architectural history concerning the procedural implications. The study illustrates principles, methods and material application of digital fabrication, and explores paradigm shifts and adaptability for professional purposes in the field of architecture driven by digital fabrication under the current technology trends through cases and literature review. It examines the integration of ICT software and hardware, establishment of cross-disciplinary technical platform, how design happens outside of a simulated zero gravity environment, and envisions construction aesthetics of the digital age. The transformation of working methods through digitally integrated workflows suggests new hierarchies within existing office structures as well as new models of practice. The systematic changes in architectural design and the digital workflows have enabled to advance the design-technology integration such that material, method, structure and machinery become the foundation of design thinking. Digital fabrication redefines and integrates interfaces of industrial manufacturing, imposing significant challenges to traditional architecture construction procedures. Comparing to the industry that focuses on economic benefits, the architecture academia proposed a variety of experiments, research and theories. Through programming and other different methods, designers can create based on top-down or bottom-up logics. The study reconsiders the meaning and trends of digital fabrication in architecture design on aspects of scale, tool, material, paradigm shift, and competitiveness optimisation. It is suggested that designers should equipped with abstract thinking for the design illustration and to control the flexibilities of this algebra of collections. Through architecture education, automation of construction, remote manufacturing and prospect analysis of labor market, the study outlines the development trajectory of digital fabrication as emerging technology thrives. Architects and designers will be enabled by technology and methods of digital manufacturing and build the bridge between traditional crafts and modern construction, laying a deeper and wider technical foundation for the industry.

參考文獻


柯宜良(2013)。以數位構築的自然重現。淡江大學,建築學系碩士論文。
賴允誼(2013)。幾何單元組合的參數化設計與製造。淡江大學,建築學系碩士論文。
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盧彥臣(2014)。機械手臂技術與材料實驗於建築數位製造之應用。淡江大學,建築學系碩士論文。
Abdullah, H. K. (2014). Parametric Design Procedures: A New Approach to Generative-Form in the Conceptual Design Phase. Germany: OmniScriptum GmbH & Co. KG.

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