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  • 學位論文

利用陶瓷中空纖維膜結合光觸媒進行海水淡化前處理

Aluminum Hollow Fiber Membranes with Photocatalyst for Seawater Desalination Pretreatment

指導教授 : 張煖

摘要


本研究探討氧化鋁陶瓷中空纖維膜結合ZnO光觸媒之海水淡化前處理性能。薄膜過濾之分離標的物為模擬海水中之腐植酸。實驗研究使用孔徑為0.2 m的親水性陶瓷薄膜,並以掃流模式操作。實驗包括兩部分,第一部分為單純的薄膜過濾,第二部分則是於模擬海水進料中先添加光觸媒並經過紫外光照射,方才進行薄膜過濾。單純薄膜過濾實驗操作於不同的進料流量、透膜壓差、腐植酸濃度與pH值。加入光觸媒之實驗則操作於不同光觸媒添加量與照光時間。過濾性能之比較包括常規化濾速、腐植酸阻擋率、過濾總阻力,以及阻力分佈。 單純薄膜過濾實驗結果顯示,濾速會隨著進料流量增高而增高,但隨著腐植酸濃度與pH值越高而越低,pH值影響海水中無機鹽類之沉澱且有最高濾速之最佳值,整體而言,濾液通量可達720 LMH,擬穩態常規化濾速介於0.06~0.45之間。腐植酸阻擋率介於0.72~0.97。總阻力之瞬時變化顯示濾速下降是肇因於濾餅形成機制。阻力分佈方面,可逆阻力為最主要貢獻。加入光觸媒之實驗結果顯示常規化濾速可獲得大幅提升,最佳的ZnO添加量為0.75 g/L,照光時間為15分鐘時可獲得最高腐植酸阻擋率,可逆阻力也大幅降低,使得薄膜阻力成為最主要阻力貢獻。

並列摘要


This thesis investigated the performance of seawater desalination pretreatment by using aluminum hollow fibers combined with a photocatalyst. The hydrophilic ceramic membrane with pore size of 0.2 m operated in cross-flow mode was employed for studying the separation of the humic acid in a synthetic seawater. The experimental study includes the use of straight membrane filtration as well as the addition of ZnO photocatalyst into the seawater with ultraviolet light irradiation before the membrane filtration. The first part was studying membrane filtration (MF) only. The second part was the membrane filtration with the addition of a photocatalyst (ZnO). The experiments were conducted with different feed flow rates, transmembrane pressures, humic acid concentrations and pH values. The experiments with ZnO were conducted with different amounts of ZnO and various UV irradiation durations. The performance parameters studied include the normalized filtration flux, humic acid rejection, total resistance and resistance distribution. The results of the membrane filtration experiments showed that the flux increased with the increase of feed flow rates, but decreased with the increase of humic acid concentrations and pH values. The pH value affects the precipitation of inorganic salts in seawater and an optimal pH value was identified for the maximum flux. The total resistance –time curves showed downward concave pattern which implied that the decrease of filtration flux was due to the cake formation. The reversible resistance is the dominant contributor to the total resistance. The experimental results of photocatalyst addition showed that the normalized flux could be significantly increased. The optimum ZnO dosage is 0.75 g/L. The maximum humic acid rejection was obtained with a 15 minute-irradiation. The addition of ZnO substantially reduced the fraction of reversible resistance and as the result, the dominant contributor of the total resistance became the membrane resistance. In this study, the filtration flux reaches up to 720 LMH, the pseudo-steady state normalized flux is between 0.06 and 0.45, and the humic acid rejections were between 0.72 and 0.97.

參考文獻


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