The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the Early Childhood Education and Care paradigm reforms in Taiwan and Japan. Starting in the 1960s, the topic of preschooler education and care has received considerable attention by education and welfare authorities alike, a concern that finally resulted in the 2006 education policy of kindergarten and nursery school integration. By a delay of 34 years, the new integrated paradigm was introduced in Taiwan in the late 1990s and became fully established in 2011. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section analyzes and compares the pre-reform educational practices and regulations of the two nations. The second section focuses on the educational and institutional reforms in both countries. The last section discusses the contemporary policies and paradigms of Early Childhood Education and Care in Taiwan and Japan.