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  • 學位論文

網格碳纖維板嵌入於直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統之理論與實驗研究

Distillate flux enhancement in direct contact membrane distillation modules with inserting carbon-fiber spacers

指導教授 : 何啟東

摘要


論文提要內容:薄膜蒸餾海水淡化用來製造純水提供民生及工業使用,因其優點特色為具有裝置簡潔、低成本、可模組化、高介面面積等,為近來廣受重視的一種技術。然而,薄膜蒸餾因模組通道限制,對於系統產能有相當顯著的影響,此現象越明顯則產能相對低落。本研究針對薄膜蒸餾之主要設備進行效率改善的研究,目的為:(1)設計新型紊流促進因子(Eddy promoter) ,以求有效改善系統內部的溫度極化現象進而提升系統產能,並歸納出一經驗公式,描述此型式的紊流促進因子對於通道內部熱對流效應的影響;(2)藉由一維數學模型針對薄膜蒸餾設備的熱量與質量傳送機制進行研究,配合實驗分析以驗證經驗公式與數學模型的正確性,並探討設計參數及操作條件對於薄膜蒸餾系統之流體溫度分佈、溫度極化現象、純水透膜通量增加百分率與水力損耗提升百分率的影響。研究結果顯示,網格型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統之理論值與實驗值的相對誤差總平均為4.78 %,而本研究設定新型擾流因子能夠有效的提升系統透膜通量,最高可達到單位面積的45%的增益。本研究以操作在低體積流率之設備為主,除了有效利用通道內熱側流體以降低操作成本外,經由改善後的設計可提升設備效能並得到增加透膜通量總產量的效果。

並列摘要


Abstract: A new design of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with various hydrodynamic angles of inserting carbon-fiber spacers in flow channels was proposed to increase the pure water productivity in saline water desalination. Temperature polarization causes the reduction of effection temperature driving force for membrane distillation. Attempts to reduce the temperature polarization were made by implementing the spacer-filled channel to create wakes and eddy in the flow characteristic. Experimental study has demonstrated its feasibility, and sustainable performance enhancement was obtained for the experimental system. The purposes of this study are (1) to develop the heat-transfer coefficient correlation for the carbon fiber channel; (2) to develop a one-dimensional mathematical model and propose a general numerical method for predicting pure water productivity of DCMD systems; (3) to study the effects of various operation parameters including the inlet fluid temperatures, volumetric flow rate, spacer-filled channel on the pure water productivity improvement. A correlated equation for estimating heat-transfer coefficient for spacer-filled channels with different hydrodynamic angles was obtained, and the results show that the agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions is fairly good. The new design of eddy promoter can effectively enhance the mass flux, among the operating conditions set in this study, up to 45%.

參考文獻


1. Meindersma G.W., Guijt C.M., de Haan A.B. Desalination and water recycling by air gap membrane distillation, Desalination, 187, 291-301 (2006).
2. United Nation Population Fund, The Power of 1.8 Billion, United Nation Population Fund (2014).
3. United Nations Environment Programme, Global Environment Outlook 4, United Nations Environment Programme (2007).
4. Committee on Advancing Desalination Technology, National Research Council, Desalination: A National Perspective, National Academy of Sciences (2008).
5. Lattemann S., Kennedy M.D., Schippers J.C., Amy G., Chapter 2 Global desalination situation, Sustainability Science and Engineering, vol. 2, 7-39 (2010).

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