A method for vertical neutral wind in the thermosphere deduced from all-sky FPI measurements
-
摘要: 由于测量与计算的难度,对热层垂直中性风的观测还很不够,这影响了人们对热层及热层-电离层耦合的认识.本文基于全天空法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI)对热层风场的观测,提出了一种反演垂直中性风的方法.利用该方法,对北极黄河站全天空FPI观测数据进行了垂直中性风的反演计算,结果表明,高热层与低热层的垂直风平均幅值分别在40 m·s-1和15 m·s-1,且垂直风日变化表现出明显的时间演变特性,且与地磁ap指数的变化有一定的相关性,在地磁活动强烈时,低热层垂直风会出现高达100 m·s-1的扰动,高热层甚至会达到300 m·s-1的扰动,这些特征与其他学者的观测结果相一致.本文方法不需要假设垂直风均值为零,也不用限制FPI的观测方位,可用于垂直风的反演.Abstract: The difficulty in the measurement and/or calculation of the vertical neutral wind impedes the understanding of the thermosphere and the coupling of thermosphere-ionosphere. In this paper we develop a method to deduce the vertical neutral wind from the fringes obtained by one all-sky FPI. In particular, using this method, we obtain the vertical neutral wind above the Chinese Yellow River station. It shows that the average amplitude of vertical winds in the upper and lower thermosphere is 40 m·s-1 and 15 m·s-1. There are many short-term fluctuations of the vertical winds. The diurnal variation of vertical winds is likely associated with the ap index. The vertical winds in excess of 100 m·s-1 and 300 m·s-1 are observed in the lower and upper thermosphere on the most active day. These inferred characteristics of the vertical neutral wind are similar to those reported by other researchers, suggesting the reliability of our method.
-
Key words:
- Vertical neutral wind /
- All-sky FPI /
- Thermosphere
-
[1] Anderson C, Davies T, Conde M, et al. 2011. Spatial sampling of the thermospheric vertical wind field at auroral latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 116(A6): A06320.
[2] Aruliah A L, Rees D. 1995. The trouble with thermospheric vertical winds: geomagnetic, seasonal and solar cycle dependence at high latitudes. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(6): 597-609.
[3] Burnside R G, Herrero F A, Meriwether J W, et al. 1981. Optical observations of thermospheric dynamics at Arecibo. J. Geophys. Res., 86(A7): 5532-5540.
[4] Cooper S L, Conde M, Dyson P. 2009. Numerical simulations of thermospheric dynamics: divergence as a proxy for vertical winds. Ann. Geophys., 27: 2491-2502.
[5] Englert C R, Harlander J M, Brown C M, et al. 2012. Coincident thermospheric wind measurements using ground-based Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) and Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) instruments. J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 86: 92-98.
[6] Hernandez G. 1966. Analytical description of a Fabry-Perot photoelectric spectrometer. Appl. Opt., 5(11): 1745-1748.
[7] Hu G Y, Ai Y, Zhang Y G, et al. 2014. First scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer developed in China. Chin. Sci. Bull., 59(5-6): 563-570, doi: 10.1007/s11434-013-0093-5.
[8] Huang Y Y, Makela J J, Swenson G R. 2012. Simulations of imaging Fabry-Perot interferometers for measuring upper-atmospheric temperatures and winds. Appl. Opt., 51(17): 3787-3800.
[9] Innis J L, Greet P A, Dyson P L. 1996. Fabry-Perot spectrometer observations of the auroral oval/polar cap boundary above Mawson, Antarctica. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58(16): 1973-1988.
[10] Kurihara J, Oyama S, Nozawa S, et al. 2009. Temperature enhancements and vertical winds in the lower thermosphere associated with auroral heating during the DELTA campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 114(A12): A12306.
[11] Laakso H, Aggson T L, Herrero F A, et al. 1995. Vertical neutral wind in the equatorial F-region deduced from electric field and ion density measurements. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(6): 645-651.
[12] Larsen M F, Meriwether J W. 2012. Vertical winds in the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 117(A9): A09319.
[13] Liu X, Xu J Y, Zhang S R, et al. 2014. Thermospheric planetary wave-type oscillations observed by FPIs over Xinglong and Millstone Hill. J. Geophys. Res., 119(8): 6891-6901, doi: 10.1002/2014JA020043.
[14] Makela J J, Meriwether J W, Huang Y Y, et al. 2011. Simulation and analysis of a multi-order imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer for the study of thermospheric winds and temperatures. Appl. Opt., 50(22): 4403-4416.
[15] Mingalev I V, Mingalev V S, Mingaleva G I. 2012. Numerical simulation of the global neutral wind system of the Earth' middle atmosphere for different seasons. Atmosphere, 3(1): 213-228.
[16] Price G D, Smith R W, Hernandez G. 1995. Simultaneous measurements of large vertical winds in the upper and lower thermosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(6): 631-643.
[17] Shiokawa K, Kadota T, Otsuka Y, et al. 2003. A two-channel Fabry-Perot interferometer with thermoelectric-cooled CCD detectors for neutral wind measurement in the upper atmosphere. Earth. Planets. Space, 55(5): 271-275.
[18] Sipler D P, Biondi M A, Zipf M E. 1995. Vertical winds in the midlatitude thermosphere from Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(6): 621-629.
[19] Smith R W, Hernandez G. 1995a. Upper thermospheric temperatures at South Pole. Adv. Space. Res., 16(5): 31-39.
[20] Smith R W, Hernandez G. 1995b. Vertical winds in the thermosphere within the polar cap. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57(6): 611-620.
[21] Wang Y J, Wang Y M, Wang H M. 2014. Simulation of ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer for the measurement of upper atmospheric winds. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 57(6): 1732-1739, doi: 10.6038/cjg20140605.
[22] Wu Q, Wang W, Roble R G, et al. 2012. First daytime thermospheric wind observation from a balloon-borne Fabry-Perot interferometer over Kiruna (68N). Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(14): L14104, doi: 10.1029/2012gl052533.
[23] Xie H Y, Yu T, Wang T B, et al. 2014. Modeling study on the coupling effect of the horizontal electric field and winds in the ionosphere. Chin. J. Space. Sci. (in Chinese), 34(4): 406-414, doi: 10.11728/cjss2014.04.406.
[24] Yu T, Mao T, Wang Y G, et al. 2014. Two-dimension theoretical modeling of ionospheric dynamo and its preliminary application. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 57(5): 1357-1365, doi: 10.6038/cjg20140501.
[25] Yuan W, Xu J Y, Ma R P, et al. 2010. First observation of mesospheric and thermospheric winds by a Fabry-Perot interferometer in China. Chin. Sci. Bull., 55(35): 4046-4051.
[26] Zhang H, Ai Y, Zhang Y G, et al. 2013. First observation of thermospheric neutral wind at Chinese Yellow River Station in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Chin. Sci. Bull., 58(11): 1310-1315.
计量
- 文章访问数: 1358
- PDF下载数: 1766
- 施引文献: 0