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2014, vol. 11, br. 1, str. 223-240
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Ekspatrijati u multinacionalnim kompanijama - trend u Srbiji
The expatriates in multinational companies: A trend in Serbia
Sažetak
Ekspanzija međunarodnog poslovanja nameće nove zahteve multinacionalnim kompanijama, posebno u oblasti menadžmenta ljudskih resursa. Ključna specifičnost međunarodnog menadžmenta ljudskih resursa ogleda se u činjenici da se u međunarodnom okruženju zaposleni pomeraju van granica jedne države i preuzimaju različite uloge u stranim filijalama multinacionalnih kompanija, dok se jedna od najvažnijih odluka koju multinacionalna kompanija mora da donese odnosi na izbor zaposlenih koje će angažovati u filijalama u stranim zemljama u zavisnosti od nacionalnosti, odnosno zemlje iz koje potiču. Ovaj rad pokušava da istraži značaj i ulogu ekspatrijata u ostvarivanju uspeha multinacionalne kompanije u međunarodnom poslovanju, kako bi ukazao na prednosti koje angažovanje ove grupe zaposlenih može doneti multinacionalnoj kompaniji. Cilj rada je da pokuša da sagleda jedan od ključnih problema sa kojima se suočavaju multinacionalne kompanije u globalnom okruženju - proces ekspatrijacije, sa posebnim osvrtom na stanje u pogledu broja ekspatrijata iz matične zemlje multinacionalne kompanije i trenda promene njihovog broja u filijalama stranih multinacionalnih kompanija u Srbiji, kao i porekla menadžera na ključnim pozicijama u filijalama (generalnog direktora i HR menadžera). Empirijsko istraživanje sprovedeno putem ankete u ovim filijalama ukazalo je na izvesne specifičnosti filijala multinacionalnih kompanija u Srbiji u kojima je, nasuprot očekivanjima zasnovanim na teorijskim konceptima i rezultatima istraživanja drugih autora u drugim zemljama i okruženjima, broj ekspatrijata povećan od osnivanja filijala do danas. Međutim, kako je i bilo očekivano, analiza rezultata je pokazala da su u većini filijala od osnivanja do danas ekspatrijate na poziciji generalnog direktora filijale (kao i menadžera za ljudske resurse) vremenom zamenili lokalni menadžeri, što kompanijama, osim smanjenja troškova, donosi i brojne druge prednosti.
Abstract
Expansion of international operations has imposed new demands to multinational companies, especially in the area of human resource management. International human resource management is primarily characterized by movement of employees across the boundaries of one country in order to take various roles in foreign subsidiaries of multinational companies. One of the most important decisions a multinational company has to make refers to selection of employees to fill in positions in its foreign subsidiaries depending on nationality of employees. This paper tends to explore the significance and roles of expatriates in obtaining success of multinational company in international operations in order to emphasize the advantages expatriates may bring to a multinational company. This paper aims to analyze one of crucial issues that multinational companies face in global environment - the process of expatriation, particularly focusing on the number of expatriates (parent country nationals) in subsidiaries of foreign multinational companies in Serbia and the tendency of changing their number in these subsidiaries, as well as nationality of managers in key positions in these subsidiaries (CEO and HR manager). Empirical research performed through a questionnaire has shown certain features of subsidiaries of multinational companies in Serbia, indicating that the number of expatriates has increased since their founding until today (contrary to expectations based on theoretical concepts and results of studies performed in other countries and environments). However, as it was expected, the analysis of results has shown that most subsidiaries in Serbia have replaced their expatriates in the position of CEO (and HR manager), which has brought companies numerous benefits, such as lower expenses.
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