Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2951-3146
    Korean J Community Nutr. 2014 Jun;19(3):250-257. Korean.
    Published online Jun 30, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.250
    Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
    Original Article

    Influence of Visual Differences in Bowl Size and Types on Dietary Intake of Female College Students with Normal Weight

    Young-Suk Kim and Un-Jae Chang
      • Department of Food & Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Un-Jae Chang. Department of Food and Nutrition Dongduk Women's University, 23-1 Wolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-714, Korea. Tel: (02) 940-4464, Fax: (02) 940-4609, Email: uj@dongduk.ac.kr
    Received March 17, 2014; Revised May 13, 2014; Accepted June 19, 2014.

    This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Objectives

    This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl.

    Methods

    Thirty-six normal weight college female students participated in this study once a week for 3 weeks. Three hundred grams of fried rice in a normal rice bowl (1st week), 300 g of fried rice in a diet rice bowl (2nd week), and 300 g of fried rice in small rice bowl (3rd week) were served to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice and the satiety rate were measured.

    Results

    The consumption volume of fried rice was 248 g (414.5 kcal) with a normal rice bowl, 254 g (429.8 kcal) with a diet bowl, and 270 g (456.8 kcal) with a small rice bowl. Results showed that the subjects who were eating from the small rice bowl ate more fried rice (p < 0.05) than eating from the normal rice bowl and diet rice bowl. However, the satiety rate of fried rice in a diet rice bowl was significantly higher than that of normal rice bowl and small rice bowl (p < 0.05). The five point scale of perceived volume on fried rice served normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl were 2.4, 4.0 and 2.1.

    Conclusions

    The visual cue plays a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than actual volume of consumed food in determining the level of fullness.

    Keywords
    normal rice bowl; diet rice bowl; small rice bowl; fried rice; satiety rate

    Figures

    Fig. 1
    Pictures of general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl.

    (A): side surface of rice bowls, (B): front surface of rice bowls, (C): back surface of rice bowls, (D): front surface of rice bowls containing 300 g Kimchi fried rice.

    Fig. 2
    Visually perceived quantity of food served in general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl. Values are Mean ± SD for 36 subjects. Values were analyzed with an ANOVA followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc test. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among bowls.

    Tables

    Table 1
    Nutrient composition of raw material in Kimchi fried rice

    Table 2
    Subject characteristic in this study

    Table 3
    Usual eating behavior of subjects

    Table 4
    Energy intake of Kimchi fried rice provided by general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl

    Table 5
    Satiety rate of Kimchi fried rice provided by general rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl

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    MeSH Terms
    Cues
    Diet
    Eating
    Female
    Humans
    Lunch
    Metrics
    Share
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