Open Access, Peer-reviewed
eISSN 2951-3146
    Korean J Community Nutr. 2014 Apr;19(2):187-197. Korean.
    Published online Apr 30, 2014.
    https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.187
    Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
    Original Article

    Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability

    Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang,1 and Hongmie Lee
      • Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea.
      • 1Department of Food & Nutrition, Suwon Women's University, Hwasung, Korea.
    • Corresponding author: Hongmie Lee. Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocheon, Kyeonggi-do 487-711, Korea. Tel: (031) 539-1862, Fax: (031) 539-1860, Email: hmlee@daejin.ac.kr
    Received February 14, 2014; Revised March 24, 2014; Accepted March 24, 2014.

    This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

    Abstract

    Objectives

    This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability.

    Methods

    Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 (79.3 ± 7.1 years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference.

    Results

    The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin B2, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively).

    Conclusions

    The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin B2, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

    Keywords
    elderly; female; mid arm circumference; tube feeding; soft diet

    Tables

    Table 1
    General characteristics of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types.

    Table 2
    Health-related factors of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

    Table 3
    Factors affecting eating of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

    Table 4
    Arm circumferences of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

    Table 5
    Nutrition intakes of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

    Table 6
    Nutrition adequacy ratio of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

    Table 7
    Index of Nutrient Quality of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

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    MeSH Terms
    Aged*
    Arm
    Calcium
    Diet
    Eating*
    Enteral Nutrition
    Female
    Folic Acid
    Humans
    Long-Term Care*
    Malnutrition
    Meals*
    Menu Planning
    Niacin
    Nutritional Status*
    Nutritive Value
    Phosphorus
    Riboflavin
    Seoul
    Thiamine
    Vitamin A
    Vitamin B 6
    Vitamins
    Zinc
    Metrics
    Share
    Tables
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